Thermal performance enhancement in a hexagonal cavity filled with hybrid nanofluid and a steering-shaped insertion
BackgroundSteering-shaped obstacles are extensively used in various thermal engineering applications, including heat exchangers, transformers, semiconductors, microelectronics, chemical sensors, air-cooled engines, gas turbines, automotive radiators, and hydrogen fuel cells.AimsThe main goal of this...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Energy Research |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2025.1602241/full |
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| author | Bijan Krishna Saha Goutam Barai Nithan Majumdar Md. Aslam Hossain Goutam Saha Goutam Saha Suvash C. Saha |
| author_facet | Bijan Krishna Saha Goutam Barai Nithan Majumdar Md. Aslam Hossain Goutam Saha Goutam Saha Suvash C. Saha |
| author_sort | Bijan Krishna Saha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundSteering-shaped obstacles are extensively used in various thermal engineering applications, including heat exchangers, transformers, semiconductors, microelectronics, chemical sensors, air-cooled engines, gas turbines, automotive radiators, and hydrogen fuel cells.AimsThe main goal of this study was to examine how key dimensionless parameters—such as the Reynolds number (Re), Richardson number (Ri), Hartmann number (Ha), Nusselt number (Nu), Bejan number (Be), and magnetic field angle (γ)—affect the heat transfer, fluid flow, and entropy generation in a hybrid nanofluid (TiO2−Cu−H2O) system. A mixed convection flow is analyzed inside a hexagonal cavity containing a heated steering-shaped obstacle. The cavity has two moving walls that drive the flow, whereas a magnetic field is applied at an angle. The focus is to reduce entropy generation and enhance thermal performance, which is important for improving the efficiency of advanced cooling systems.Method and validationsThe governing equations and boundary conditions are solved using the Galerkin weighted residual finite element method, with extensive validation against existing results to ensure the accuracy of the findings.ParametersIn the study, we investigate a range of parameters: nanoparticle concentration (φ) varying from 1% to 5%, Re from 1 to 300, Ha from 0 to 60, Ri from 0.1 to 10, and γ ranging from 0° to 90°.ResultsIn the study, we show that lid-driven motion of the top and bottom walls, along with a steering-shaped heated obstacle, enhances heat transfer (HT) and reduces entropy generation(Egen). Thermal performance improves with increasing Ri and Re but decreases with increasing Ha. For fixed Re = 300, at the highest magnetic field strength (Ha = 60), the HT rate reaches its minimum, exhibiting a 22.41% decrease relative to the no magnetic-field condition (Ha = 0). An increase in the Ri number leads to a 68.76% enhancement in thermal performance. At a fixed Ri=10, increasing the Re number from 1 to 300 leads to a 263.83% enhancement in thermal performance. The addition of TiO2−Cu−H2O hybrid nanofluid (HNF) further enhances thermal performance.ConclusionIn the study, we reveal that mixed-convection (MC) HNF and heated steering-shaped obstacles play a significant role in enhancing HT and reducing Eavg within the cavity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7ad4eec1ebae465ab233e374df6fd7fe |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-598X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Energy Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-7ad4eec1ebae465ab233e374df6fd7fe2025-08-20T03:27:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Energy Research2296-598X2025-07-011310.3389/fenrg.2025.16022411602241Thermal performance enhancement in a hexagonal cavity filled with hybrid nanofluid and a steering-shaped insertionBijan Krishna Saha0Goutam Barai1Nithan Majumdar2Md. Aslam Hossain3Goutam Saha4Goutam Saha5Suvash C. Saha6Department of Mathematics, University of Barishal, Barishal, BangladeshDepartment of Mathematics, University of Barishal, Barishal, BangladeshDepartment of Mathematics, University of Barishal, Barishal, BangladeshDepartment of Mathematics, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna, BangladeshDepartment of Mathematics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, BangladeshMiyan Research Institute, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, BangladeshSchool of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, AustraliaBackgroundSteering-shaped obstacles are extensively used in various thermal engineering applications, including heat exchangers, transformers, semiconductors, microelectronics, chemical sensors, air-cooled engines, gas turbines, automotive radiators, and hydrogen fuel cells.AimsThe main goal of this study was to examine how key dimensionless parameters—such as the Reynolds number (Re), Richardson number (Ri), Hartmann number (Ha), Nusselt number (Nu), Bejan number (Be), and magnetic field angle (γ)—affect the heat transfer, fluid flow, and entropy generation in a hybrid nanofluid (TiO2−Cu−H2O) system. A mixed convection flow is analyzed inside a hexagonal cavity containing a heated steering-shaped obstacle. The cavity has two moving walls that drive the flow, whereas a magnetic field is applied at an angle. The focus is to reduce entropy generation and enhance thermal performance, which is important for improving the efficiency of advanced cooling systems.Method and validationsThe governing equations and boundary conditions are solved using the Galerkin weighted residual finite element method, with extensive validation against existing results to ensure the accuracy of the findings.ParametersIn the study, we investigate a range of parameters: nanoparticle concentration (φ) varying from 1% to 5%, Re from 1 to 300, Ha from 0 to 60, Ri from 0.1 to 10, and γ ranging from 0° to 90°.ResultsIn the study, we show that lid-driven motion of the top and bottom walls, along with a steering-shaped heated obstacle, enhances heat transfer (HT) and reduces entropy generation(Egen). Thermal performance improves with increasing Ri and Re but decreases with increasing Ha. For fixed Re = 300, at the highest magnetic field strength (Ha = 60), the HT rate reaches its minimum, exhibiting a 22.41% decrease relative to the no magnetic-field condition (Ha = 0). An increase in the Ri number leads to a 68.76% enhancement in thermal performance. At a fixed Ri=10, increasing the Re number from 1 to 300 leads to a 263.83% enhancement in thermal performance. The addition of TiO2−Cu−H2O hybrid nanofluid (HNF) further enhances thermal performance.ConclusionIn the study, we reveal that mixed-convection (MC) HNF and heated steering-shaped obstacles play a significant role in enhancing HT and reducing Eavg within the cavity.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2025.1602241/fullhybrid nanofluiddouble lid-driven cavitymagnetohydrodynamicsmixed convectionsteering-shaped obstacleentropy generation |
| spellingShingle | Bijan Krishna Saha Goutam Barai Nithan Majumdar Md. Aslam Hossain Goutam Saha Goutam Saha Suvash C. Saha Thermal performance enhancement in a hexagonal cavity filled with hybrid nanofluid and a steering-shaped insertion Frontiers in Energy Research hybrid nanofluid double lid-driven cavity magnetohydrodynamics mixed convection steering-shaped obstacle entropy generation |
| title | Thermal performance enhancement in a hexagonal cavity filled with hybrid nanofluid and a steering-shaped insertion |
| title_full | Thermal performance enhancement in a hexagonal cavity filled with hybrid nanofluid and a steering-shaped insertion |
| title_fullStr | Thermal performance enhancement in a hexagonal cavity filled with hybrid nanofluid and a steering-shaped insertion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thermal performance enhancement in a hexagonal cavity filled with hybrid nanofluid and a steering-shaped insertion |
| title_short | Thermal performance enhancement in a hexagonal cavity filled with hybrid nanofluid and a steering-shaped insertion |
| title_sort | thermal performance enhancement in a hexagonal cavity filled with hybrid nanofluid and a steering shaped insertion |
| topic | hybrid nanofluid double lid-driven cavity magnetohydrodynamics mixed convection steering-shaped obstacle entropy generation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2025.1602241/full |
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