The impact of scaling up cervical cancer screening and treatment services among women living with HIV in Kenya: a modelling study

Introduction We aimed to quantify health outcomes and programmatic implications of scaling up cervical cancer (CC) screening and treatment options for women living with HIV in care aged 18–65 in Kenya.Methods Mathematical model comparing from 2020 to 2040: (1) visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA...

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Main Authors: Timothy B Hallett, Hugo de Vuyst, Pablo Noel Perez-Guzman, Michael Hoonbae Chung, Shona Dalal, Kennedy K Mutai, Karanja Muthoni, Bartilol Kigen, Nduku Kilonzo, Mikaela Smit
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2020-03-01
Series:BMJ Global Health
Online Access:https://gh.bmj.com/content/5/3/e001886.full
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author Timothy B Hallett
Hugo de Vuyst
Pablo Noel Perez-Guzman
Michael Hoonbae Chung
Shona Dalal
Kennedy K Mutai
Karanja Muthoni
Bartilol Kigen
Nduku Kilonzo
Mikaela Smit
author_facet Timothy B Hallett
Hugo de Vuyst
Pablo Noel Perez-Guzman
Michael Hoonbae Chung
Shona Dalal
Kennedy K Mutai
Karanja Muthoni
Bartilol Kigen
Nduku Kilonzo
Mikaela Smit
author_sort Timothy B Hallett
collection DOAJ
description Introduction We aimed to quantify health outcomes and programmatic implications of scaling up cervical cancer (CC) screening and treatment options for women living with HIV in care aged 18–65 in Kenya.Methods Mathematical model comparing from 2020 to 2040: (1) visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and cryotherapy (Cryo); (2) VIA and Cryo or loop excision electrical procedure (LEEP), as indicated; (3) human papillomavirus (HPV)-DNA testing and Cryo or LEEP; and (4) enhanced screening technologies (either same-day HPV-DNA testing or digitally enhanced VIA) and Cryo or LEEP. Outcomes measured were annual number of CC cases, deaths, screening and treatment interventions, and engaged in care (numbers screened, treated and cured) and five yearly age-standardised incidence.Results All options will reduce CC cases and deaths compared with no scale-up. Options 1–3 will perform similarly, averting approximately 28 000 (33%) CC cases and 7700 (27%) deaths. That is, VIA screening would yield minimal losses to follow-up (LTFU). Conversely, LTFU associated with HPV-DNA testing will yield a lower care engagement, despite better diagnostic performance. In contrast, option 4 would maximise health outcomes, averting 43 200 (50%) CC cases and 11 800 (40%) deaths, given greater care engagement. Yearly rescreening with either option will impose a substantial burden on the health system, which could be reduced by spacing out frequency to three yearly without undermining health gains.Conclusions Beyond the specific choice of technologies to scale up, efficiently using available options will drive programmatic success. Addressing practical constraints around diagnostics’ performance and LTFU will be key to effectively avert CC cases and deaths.
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spelling doaj-art-7ad0d07a8d914efeb37320984cc67c682025-08-20T01:53:33ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Global Health2059-79082020-03-015310.1136/bmjgh-2019-001886The impact of scaling up cervical cancer screening and treatment services among women living with HIV in Kenya: a modelling studyTimothy B Hallett0Hugo de Vuyst1Pablo Noel Perez-Guzman2Michael Hoonbae Chung3Shona Dalal4Kennedy K Mutai5Karanja Muthoni6Bartilol Kigen7Nduku Kilonzo8Mikaela Smit9Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UKInfections and Cancer Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, FranceDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UKDepartment of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of HIV/AIDS, World Health Organization, Geneva, SwitzerlandNational AIDS Control Council, Nairobi, KenyaNational AIDS and STI Control Programme, Nairobi, KenyaNational AIDS and STI Control Programme, Nairobi, KenyaNational AIDS Control Council, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UKIntroduction We aimed to quantify health outcomes and programmatic implications of scaling up cervical cancer (CC) screening and treatment options for women living with HIV in care aged 18–65 in Kenya.Methods Mathematical model comparing from 2020 to 2040: (1) visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and cryotherapy (Cryo); (2) VIA and Cryo or loop excision electrical procedure (LEEP), as indicated; (3) human papillomavirus (HPV)-DNA testing and Cryo or LEEP; and (4) enhanced screening technologies (either same-day HPV-DNA testing or digitally enhanced VIA) and Cryo or LEEP. Outcomes measured were annual number of CC cases, deaths, screening and treatment interventions, and engaged in care (numbers screened, treated and cured) and five yearly age-standardised incidence.Results All options will reduce CC cases and deaths compared with no scale-up. Options 1–3 will perform similarly, averting approximately 28 000 (33%) CC cases and 7700 (27%) deaths. That is, VIA screening would yield minimal losses to follow-up (LTFU). Conversely, LTFU associated with HPV-DNA testing will yield a lower care engagement, despite better diagnostic performance. In contrast, option 4 would maximise health outcomes, averting 43 200 (50%) CC cases and 11 800 (40%) deaths, given greater care engagement. Yearly rescreening with either option will impose a substantial burden on the health system, which could be reduced by spacing out frequency to three yearly without undermining health gains.Conclusions Beyond the specific choice of technologies to scale up, efficiently using available options will drive programmatic success. Addressing practical constraints around diagnostics’ performance and LTFU will be key to effectively avert CC cases and deaths.https://gh.bmj.com/content/5/3/e001886.full
spellingShingle Timothy B Hallett
Hugo de Vuyst
Pablo Noel Perez-Guzman
Michael Hoonbae Chung
Shona Dalal
Kennedy K Mutai
Karanja Muthoni
Bartilol Kigen
Nduku Kilonzo
Mikaela Smit
The impact of scaling up cervical cancer screening and treatment services among women living with HIV in Kenya: a modelling study
BMJ Global Health
title The impact of scaling up cervical cancer screening and treatment services among women living with HIV in Kenya: a modelling study
title_full The impact of scaling up cervical cancer screening and treatment services among women living with HIV in Kenya: a modelling study
title_fullStr The impact of scaling up cervical cancer screening and treatment services among women living with HIV in Kenya: a modelling study
title_full_unstemmed The impact of scaling up cervical cancer screening and treatment services among women living with HIV in Kenya: a modelling study
title_short The impact of scaling up cervical cancer screening and treatment services among women living with HIV in Kenya: a modelling study
title_sort impact of scaling up cervical cancer screening and treatment services among women living with hiv in kenya a modelling study
url https://gh.bmj.com/content/5/3/e001886.full
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