An exploratory study of Type B variation of the sciatic nerve

BackgroundSciatic nerve gives off branches that supply the back of the thigh, leg, and foot. Classically, this nerve emerges from the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis muscle and subsequently divides into the common fibular and tibial nerves in the distal third of the posterior thigh. How...

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Main Authors: Rasyidah Rehir, Jun Mun Teoh, Sumar Chan, Raghad Abdulaziz Almansour, Abeer Saleh Alshaya, Abduelmenem Alashkham
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Neurology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1592879/full
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author Rasyidah Rehir
Rasyidah Rehir
Jun Mun Teoh
Sumar Chan
Raghad Abdulaziz Almansour
Raghad Abdulaziz Almansour
Abeer Saleh Alshaya
Abduelmenem Alashkham
author_facet Rasyidah Rehir
Rasyidah Rehir
Jun Mun Teoh
Sumar Chan
Raghad Abdulaziz Almansour
Raghad Abdulaziz Almansour
Abeer Saleh Alshaya
Abduelmenem Alashkham
author_sort Rasyidah Rehir
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundSciatic nerve gives off branches that supply the back of the thigh, leg, and foot. Classically, this nerve emerges from the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis muscle and subsequently divides into the common fibular and tibial nerves in the distal third of the posterior thigh. However, the course of the sciatic nerve varies among individuals, potentially resulting in nerve compressions. Understanding these variations helps prevent injuries during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. This study examined the branching patterns of this nerve in the Scottish cadavers using the Beaton and Anson classification, which categorizes them into Type A–G.MethodsTwelve gluteal regions (4 males, 8 females) with a mean age of 87.3 years, were obtained from a Scottish University regulated by the Human Tissue (Scotland) 2006. The sciatic nerve and its branches were carefully dissected, and the relationship between the nerve and the piriformis muscle was observed and documented.ResultsOne left gluteal region of an 89-year-old female (n = 1, 8.3%) showed sciatic nerve variation. This variant exhibited early bifurcation, with the common fibular nerve piercing through the piriformis and the tibial nerve passing beneath it (referred to as Type B). The remaining 91.7% of cases, the sciatic nerve exhibited classical presentation (referred to as Type A).ConclusionThe Type B variation of the sciatic nerve is found in 8.3% of the elderly Scottish cadavers. While it is rare, it is crucial to acknowledge nerve variants to prevent injuries during posterior approach total hip arthroplasty or inadequate sciatic nerve blockade.
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spelling doaj-art-7acd0fd31ebf42b6810ecabf817512dd2025-08-20T03:31:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952025-07-011610.3389/fneur.2025.15928791592879An exploratory study of Type B variation of the sciatic nerveRasyidah Rehir0Rasyidah Rehir1Jun Mun Teoh2Sumar Chan3Raghad Abdulaziz Almansour4Raghad Abdulaziz Almansour5Abeer Saleh Alshaya6Abduelmenem Alashkham7Department of Anatomy, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United KingdomDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaDepartment of Anatomy, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United KingdomDepartment of Anatomy, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United KingdomDepartment of Anatomy, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United KingdomDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Anatomy, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United KingdomDepartment of Anatomy, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United KingdomBackgroundSciatic nerve gives off branches that supply the back of the thigh, leg, and foot. Classically, this nerve emerges from the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis muscle and subsequently divides into the common fibular and tibial nerves in the distal third of the posterior thigh. However, the course of the sciatic nerve varies among individuals, potentially resulting in nerve compressions. Understanding these variations helps prevent injuries during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. This study examined the branching patterns of this nerve in the Scottish cadavers using the Beaton and Anson classification, which categorizes them into Type A–G.MethodsTwelve gluteal regions (4 males, 8 females) with a mean age of 87.3 years, were obtained from a Scottish University regulated by the Human Tissue (Scotland) 2006. The sciatic nerve and its branches were carefully dissected, and the relationship between the nerve and the piriformis muscle was observed and documented.ResultsOne left gluteal region of an 89-year-old female (n = 1, 8.3%) showed sciatic nerve variation. This variant exhibited early bifurcation, with the common fibular nerve piercing through the piriformis and the tibial nerve passing beneath it (referred to as Type B). The remaining 91.7% of cases, the sciatic nerve exhibited classical presentation (referred to as Type A).ConclusionThe Type B variation of the sciatic nerve is found in 8.3% of the elderly Scottish cadavers. While it is rare, it is crucial to acknowledge nerve variants to prevent injuries during posterior approach total hip arthroplasty or inadequate sciatic nerve blockade.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1592879/fullanatomyearly bifurcationpiriformissciatic nervevariant
spellingShingle Rasyidah Rehir
Rasyidah Rehir
Jun Mun Teoh
Sumar Chan
Raghad Abdulaziz Almansour
Raghad Abdulaziz Almansour
Abeer Saleh Alshaya
Abduelmenem Alashkham
An exploratory study of Type B variation of the sciatic nerve
Frontiers in Neurology
anatomy
early bifurcation
piriformis
sciatic nerve
variant
title An exploratory study of Type B variation of the sciatic nerve
title_full An exploratory study of Type B variation of the sciatic nerve
title_fullStr An exploratory study of Type B variation of the sciatic nerve
title_full_unstemmed An exploratory study of Type B variation of the sciatic nerve
title_short An exploratory study of Type B variation of the sciatic nerve
title_sort exploratory study of type b variation of the sciatic nerve
topic anatomy
early bifurcation
piriformis
sciatic nerve
variant
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1592879/full
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