Effects of regular, glulisine, and aspart insulin on vascular endothelial growth factor and angiotensinogen expression in hyperglycemic retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) and human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs)

Effects of regular, glulisine, and aspart insulin on vascular endothelial growth factor and angiotensinogen expression in hyperglycemic retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) and human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs)

IntroductionDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss and is primarily driven by chronic hyperglycemia, which induces retinal vascular damage through mechanisms involving vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). This study investigated the e...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Fatemeh Sanie-Jahromi, Abtin Khosravi, Hooman Hadianfard, M. Hossein Nowroozzadeh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Ophthalmology
Subjects:
angiotensinogen
aspart
diabetic retinopathy
glulisine
human retinal endothelial cells
insulin
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2025.1570232/full
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