Validation and adaptation of the moral outrage scale in the Peruvian adult population

Abstract Background Moral outrage (MO) is an emotional experience that arises in situations where a moral standard is violated. Despite its relevance, there are few psychometric studies in the Latin American context, characterized by inequality and social problems. This highlights the need for speci...

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Main Authors: Cristian Ramos-Vera, Marcelo Casa-Chicata, Zafiro Portilla-Yacolca, Carlos Puma-Maque, Yaquelin E. Calizaya-Milla, Jacksaint Saintila, Elmer Lopez-Lopez, Sandra P. Carranza-Cubas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-11-01
Series:BMC Psychology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-02203-9
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author Cristian Ramos-Vera
Marcelo Casa-Chicata
Zafiro Portilla-Yacolca
Carlos Puma-Maque
Yaquelin E. Calizaya-Milla
Jacksaint Saintila
Elmer Lopez-Lopez
Sandra P. Carranza-Cubas
author_facet Cristian Ramos-Vera
Marcelo Casa-Chicata
Zafiro Portilla-Yacolca
Carlos Puma-Maque
Yaquelin E. Calizaya-Milla
Jacksaint Saintila
Elmer Lopez-Lopez
Sandra P. Carranza-Cubas
author_sort Cristian Ramos-Vera
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Moral outrage (MO) is an emotional experience that arises in situations where a moral standard is violated. Despite its relevance, there are few psychometric studies in the Latin American context, characterized by inequality and social problems. This highlights the need for specific assessment instruments for this construct. The purpose of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of an MO scale in the Peruvian population. Methods The sample consisted of 881 Peruvians (57.2% women, Mage = 24.5 years, SD = 9.07 years). The moral outrage scale was administered to participants. To analyze the data, two models were tested: a structural equation model (SEM) and an exploratory structural equation model (ESEM). Results The CFA confirmed a two-factor model (emotional and cognitive), with satisfactory fit indices and standardized factor loadings greater than 0.70. The ESEM model also showed improved fit indices. Measurement invariance across sex was established, and convergent validity was demonstrated between the dimensions of MO and authoritarianism, as well as other sociodemographic variables such as sex, age, and socioeconomic level. Conclusions The MO scale tested in this study is a reliable, valid, and invariant instrument, suitable for assessing moral outrage in both men and women within the Peruvian context.
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spelling doaj-art-7a9e9ec2fd3f4ed4a762b4c4c2df429c2025-08-20T02:38:35ZengBMCBMC Psychology2050-72832024-11-0112111310.1186/s40359-024-02203-9Validation and adaptation of the moral outrage scale in the Peruvian adult populationCristian Ramos-Vera0Marcelo Casa-Chicata1Zafiro Portilla-Yacolca2Carlos Puma-Maque3Yaquelin E. Calizaya-Milla4Jacksaint Saintila5Elmer Lopez-Lopez6Sandra P. Carranza-Cubas7Área de Investigación, Universidad César VallejoEscuela de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de ArequipaEscuela de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de ArequipaEscuela de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de ArequipaFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana UniónFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Señor de SipánFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Señor de SipánFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Señor de SipánAbstract Background Moral outrage (MO) is an emotional experience that arises in situations where a moral standard is violated. Despite its relevance, there are few psychometric studies in the Latin American context, characterized by inequality and social problems. This highlights the need for specific assessment instruments for this construct. The purpose of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of an MO scale in the Peruvian population. Methods The sample consisted of 881 Peruvians (57.2% women, Mage = 24.5 years, SD = 9.07 years). The moral outrage scale was administered to participants. To analyze the data, two models were tested: a structural equation model (SEM) and an exploratory structural equation model (ESEM). Results The CFA confirmed a two-factor model (emotional and cognitive), with satisfactory fit indices and standardized factor loadings greater than 0.70. The ESEM model also showed improved fit indices. Measurement invariance across sex was established, and convergent validity was demonstrated between the dimensions of MO and authoritarianism, as well as other sociodemographic variables such as sex, age, and socioeconomic level. Conclusions The MO scale tested in this study is a reliable, valid, and invariant instrument, suitable for assessing moral outrage in both men and women within the Peruvian context.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-02203-9Moral outragePsychometric propertiesMoral emotionsValidityReliabilityMeasurement invariance
spellingShingle Cristian Ramos-Vera
Marcelo Casa-Chicata
Zafiro Portilla-Yacolca
Carlos Puma-Maque
Yaquelin E. Calizaya-Milla
Jacksaint Saintila
Elmer Lopez-Lopez
Sandra P. Carranza-Cubas
Validation and adaptation of the moral outrage scale in the Peruvian adult population
BMC Psychology
Moral outrage
Psychometric properties
Moral emotions
Validity
Reliability
Measurement invariance
title Validation and adaptation of the moral outrage scale in the Peruvian adult population
title_full Validation and adaptation of the moral outrage scale in the Peruvian adult population
title_fullStr Validation and adaptation of the moral outrage scale in the Peruvian adult population
title_full_unstemmed Validation and adaptation of the moral outrage scale in the Peruvian adult population
title_short Validation and adaptation of the moral outrage scale in the Peruvian adult population
title_sort validation and adaptation of the moral outrage scale in the peruvian adult population
topic Moral outrage
Psychometric properties
Moral emotions
Validity
Reliability
Measurement invariance
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-02203-9
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