Bovine Papillomavirus Genotypic Diversity and a Putative Novel Viral Type in Ecuador

Bovine papillomatosis, caused by a growing group of bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs), is a disease with benign proliferative lesions (papillomas) that may progress to malignancies due to immunological, environmental, or viral factors. This study investigated BPV type diversity in cattle from the Provi...

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Main Authors: Diego J. Carvajal-Reina, Fausto Bedoya-Páez, Mónica Salomé Guerrero-Freire, Yanua Ledesma, David Vasco-Julio, Jacobus H. de Waard, Armando Reyna-Bello
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Veterinary Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/7/672
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author Diego J. Carvajal-Reina
Fausto Bedoya-Páez
Mónica Salomé Guerrero-Freire
Yanua Ledesma
David Vasco-Julio
Jacobus H. de Waard
Armando Reyna-Bello
author_facet Diego J. Carvajal-Reina
Fausto Bedoya-Páez
Mónica Salomé Guerrero-Freire
Yanua Ledesma
David Vasco-Julio
Jacobus H. de Waard
Armando Reyna-Bello
author_sort Diego J. Carvajal-Reina
collection DOAJ
description Bovine papillomatosis, caused by a growing group of bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs), is a disease with benign proliferative lesions (papillomas) that may progress to malignancies due to immunological, environmental, or viral factors. This study investigated BPV type diversity in cattle from the Province Santo Domingo de Tsáchilas in Ecuador. Warty lesions were collected from 30 cattle across eight farms. Nucleic acids were extracted using a silicon dioxide-based method, and the partial L1 gene was amplified with PCR. DNA sequences were analyzed using maximum likelihood phylogenetics. Fifty-seven warty lesions yielded ten well-known BPV types: BPV1, BPV2, BPV4, BPV6, BPV8, BPV9, BPV10, BPV13, BPV14, and BPV42. Recently described viral types, BPV-CR2 from Costa Rica and BPV/BR-UEL08 from Brazil, were also detected, alongside a putative novel viral type, BPVEC2024-6-22.1—likely belonging to the genus <i>Xipapillomavirus</i>. This genus had the highest overall count. In contrast, <i>Deltapapillomaviruses</i> were found across all sampled farms. This study underscores BPV diversity in this localized region of Ecuador, and includes genotypes linked to cancers such as enzootic hematuria. The findings provide important epidemiological insights, contributing to vaccine development or immune therapy and improved disease management.
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spelling doaj-art-7a99691d93fb45c1a1922a8ecc1f227c2025-08-20T03:13:58ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812025-07-0112767210.3390/vetsci12070672Bovine Papillomavirus Genotypic Diversity and a Putative Novel Viral Type in EcuadorDiego J. Carvajal-Reina0Fausto Bedoya-Páez1Mónica Salomé Guerrero-Freire2Yanua Ledesma3David Vasco-Julio4Jacobus H. de Waard5Armando Reyna-Bello6Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Humana (GISAH), Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Carrera de Biotecnología, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí 171103, EcuadorGrupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Humana (GISAH), Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Carrera de Biotecnología, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí 171103, EcuadorPrograma de Doctorado, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, ArgentinaPrograma de Doctorado, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, ArgentinaPosgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, MexicoOne Health Research Group, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de las Américas, Quito 170125, EcuadorGrupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Humana (GISAH), Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Carrera de Biotecnología, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí 171103, EcuadorBovine papillomatosis, caused by a growing group of bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs), is a disease with benign proliferative lesions (papillomas) that may progress to malignancies due to immunological, environmental, or viral factors. This study investigated BPV type diversity in cattle from the Province Santo Domingo de Tsáchilas in Ecuador. Warty lesions were collected from 30 cattle across eight farms. Nucleic acids were extracted using a silicon dioxide-based method, and the partial L1 gene was amplified with PCR. DNA sequences were analyzed using maximum likelihood phylogenetics. Fifty-seven warty lesions yielded ten well-known BPV types: BPV1, BPV2, BPV4, BPV6, BPV8, BPV9, BPV10, BPV13, BPV14, and BPV42. Recently described viral types, BPV-CR2 from Costa Rica and BPV/BR-UEL08 from Brazil, were also detected, alongside a putative novel viral type, BPVEC2024-6-22.1—likely belonging to the genus <i>Xipapillomavirus</i>. This genus had the highest overall count. In contrast, <i>Deltapapillomaviruses</i> were found across all sampled farms. This study underscores BPV diversity in this localized region of Ecuador, and includes genotypes linked to cancers such as enzootic hematuria. The findings provide important epidemiological insights, contributing to vaccine development or immune therapy and improved disease management.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/7/672bovine papillomavirus (BPV)human papillomavirus (HPV)BPV typesnovel virus typeco-infectionbenign and malignant neoplasms
spellingShingle Diego J. Carvajal-Reina
Fausto Bedoya-Páez
Mónica Salomé Guerrero-Freire
Yanua Ledesma
David Vasco-Julio
Jacobus H. de Waard
Armando Reyna-Bello
Bovine Papillomavirus Genotypic Diversity and a Putative Novel Viral Type in Ecuador
Veterinary Sciences
bovine papillomavirus (BPV)
human papillomavirus (HPV)
BPV types
novel virus type
co-infection
benign and malignant neoplasms
title Bovine Papillomavirus Genotypic Diversity and a Putative Novel Viral Type in Ecuador
title_full Bovine Papillomavirus Genotypic Diversity and a Putative Novel Viral Type in Ecuador
title_fullStr Bovine Papillomavirus Genotypic Diversity and a Putative Novel Viral Type in Ecuador
title_full_unstemmed Bovine Papillomavirus Genotypic Diversity and a Putative Novel Viral Type in Ecuador
title_short Bovine Papillomavirus Genotypic Diversity and a Putative Novel Viral Type in Ecuador
title_sort bovine papillomavirus genotypic diversity and a putative novel viral type in ecuador
topic bovine papillomavirus (BPV)
human papillomavirus (HPV)
BPV types
novel virus type
co-infection
benign and malignant neoplasms
url https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/7/672
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