Long-Term Management of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome: Efficacy and Challenges of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy—A Narrative Review

Sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is a respiratory disorder characterized by cessation of breathing during sleep, resulting in daytime somnolence and various comorbidities. SAHS encompasses obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), caused by upper airway obstruction, and central sleep apnea (CSA), resulting...

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Main Authors: Zishan Rahman, Ahsan Nazim, Palvi Mroke, Khansa Ali, MD Parbej Allam, Aakash Mahato, Mahveer Maheshwari, Camila Sanchez Cruz, Imran Baig, Ernesto Calderon Martinez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Medical Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3271/13/1/4
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author Zishan Rahman
Ahsan Nazim
Palvi Mroke
Khansa Ali
MD Parbej Allam
Aakash Mahato
Mahveer Maheshwari
Camila Sanchez Cruz
Imran Baig
Ernesto Calderon Martinez
author_facet Zishan Rahman
Ahsan Nazim
Palvi Mroke
Khansa Ali
MD Parbej Allam
Aakash Mahato
Mahveer Maheshwari
Camila Sanchez Cruz
Imran Baig
Ernesto Calderon Martinez
author_sort Zishan Rahman
collection DOAJ
description Sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is a respiratory disorder characterized by cessation of breathing during sleep, resulting in daytime somnolence and various comorbidities. SAHS encompasses obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), caused by upper airway obstruction, and central sleep apnea (CSA), resulting from lack of brainstem signaling for respiration. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is the gold standard treatment for SAHS, reducing apnea and hypopnea episodes by providing continuous airflow. CPAP enhances sleep quality and improves overall health by reducing the risk of comorbidities such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and stroke. CPAP nonadherence leads to health deterioration and occurs due to mask discomfort, unsupportive partners, upper respiratory dryness, and claustrophobia. Technological advancements such as auto-titrating positive airway pressure (APAP) systems, smart fit mask interface systems, and telemonitoring devices offer patients greater comfort and enhance adherence. Future research should focus on new technological developments, such as artificial intelligence, which may detect treatment failure and alert providers to intervene accordingly.
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spelling doaj-art-7a87082791c44fe6a40d12d34a1e24e82025-08-20T01:48:41ZengMDPI AGMedical Sciences2076-32712024-12-01131410.3390/medsci13010004Long-Term Management of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome: Efficacy and Challenges of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy—A Narrative ReviewZishan Rahman0Ahsan Nazim1Palvi Mroke2Khansa Ali3MD Parbej Allam4Aakash Mahato5Mahveer Maheshwari6Camila Sanchez Cruz7Imran Baig8Ernesto Calderon Martinez9Department of Medicine, Caribbean Medical University, Rosemont, IL 60018, USADepartment of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro 76060, PakistanDepartment of Medicine, Caribbean Medical University, Rosemont, IL 60018, USADepartment of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro 76060, PakistanDepartment of Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu 44600, NepalDepartment of Medicine, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan 56700, NepalDepartment of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro 76060, PakistanDepartment of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, MexicoHouston Methodist West Hospital, Houston, TX 77094, USADepartment of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, MexicoSleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is a respiratory disorder characterized by cessation of breathing during sleep, resulting in daytime somnolence and various comorbidities. SAHS encompasses obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), caused by upper airway obstruction, and central sleep apnea (CSA), resulting from lack of brainstem signaling for respiration. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is the gold standard treatment for SAHS, reducing apnea and hypopnea episodes by providing continuous airflow. CPAP enhances sleep quality and improves overall health by reducing the risk of comorbidities such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and stroke. CPAP nonadherence leads to health deterioration and occurs due to mask discomfort, unsupportive partners, upper respiratory dryness, and claustrophobia. Technological advancements such as auto-titrating positive airway pressure (APAP) systems, smart fit mask interface systems, and telemonitoring devices offer patients greater comfort and enhance adherence. Future research should focus on new technological developments, such as artificial intelligence, which may detect treatment failure and alert providers to intervene accordingly.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3271/13/1/4continuous positive airway pressureobstructive sleep apneacentral sleep apneasleep apnea hypopnea syndromeCPAP adherenceCPAP noncompliance
spellingShingle Zishan Rahman
Ahsan Nazim
Palvi Mroke
Khansa Ali
MD Parbej Allam
Aakash Mahato
Mahveer Maheshwari
Camila Sanchez Cruz
Imran Baig
Ernesto Calderon Martinez
Long-Term Management of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome: Efficacy and Challenges of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy—A Narrative Review
Medical Sciences
continuous positive airway pressure
obstructive sleep apnea
central sleep apnea
sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome
CPAP adherence
CPAP noncompliance
title Long-Term Management of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome: Efficacy and Challenges of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy—A Narrative Review
title_full Long-Term Management of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome: Efficacy and Challenges of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy—A Narrative Review
title_fullStr Long-Term Management of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome: Efficacy and Challenges of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy—A Narrative Review
title_full_unstemmed Long-Term Management of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome: Efficacy and Challenges of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy—A Narrative Review
title_short Long-Term Management of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome: Efficacy and Challenges of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy—A Narrative Review
title_sort long term management of sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome efficacy and challenges of continuous positive airway pressure therapy a narrative review
topic continuous positive airway pressure
obstructive sleep apnea
central sleep apnea
sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome
CPAP adherence
CPAP noncompliance
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3271/13/1/4
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