Long-Term Management of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome: Efficacy and Challenges of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy—A Narrative Review
Sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is a respiratory disorder characterized by cessation of breathing during sleep, resulting in daytime somnolence and various comorbidities. SAHS encompasses obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), caused by upper airway obstruction, and central sleep apnea (CSA), resulting...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Zishan Rahman Ahsan Nazim Palvi Mroke Khansa Ali MD Parbej Allam Aakash Mahato Mahveer Maheshwari Camila Sanchez Cruz Imran Baig Ernesto Calderon Martinez |
| author_facet | Zishan Rahman Ahsan Nazim Palvi Mroke Khansa Ali MD Parbej Allam Aakash Mahato Mahveer Maheshwari Camila Sanchez Cruz Imran Baig Ernesto Calderon Martinez |
| author_sort | Zishan Rahman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is a respiratory disorder characterized by cessation of breathing during sleep, resulting in daytime somnolence and various comorbidities. SAHS encompasses obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), caused by upper airway obstruction, and central sleep apnea (CSA), resulting from lack of brainstem signaling for respiration. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is the gold standard treatment for SAHS, reducing apnea and hypopnea episodes by providing continuous airflow. CPAP enhances sleep quality and improves overall health by reducing the risk of comorbidities such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and stroke. CPAP nonadherence leads to health deterioration and occurs due to mask discomfort, unsupportive partners, upper respiratory dryness, and claustrophobia. Technological advancements such as auto-titrating positive airway pressure (APAP) systems, smart fit mask interface systems, and telemonitoring devices offer patients greater comfort and enhance adherence. Future research should focus on new technological developments, such as artificial intelligence, which may detect treatment failure and alert providers to intervene accordingly. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7a87082791c44fe6a40d12d34a1e24e8 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2076-3271 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medical Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-7a87082791c44fe6a40d12d34a1e24e82025-08-20T01:48:41ZengMDPI AGMedical Sciences2076-32712024-12-01131410.3390/medsci13010004Long-Term Management of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome: Efficacy and Challenges of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy—A Narrative ReviewZishan Rahman0Ahsan Nazim1Palvi Mroke2Khansa Ali3MD Parbej Allam4Aakash Mahato5Mahveer Maheshwari6Camila Sanchez Cruz7Imran Baig8Ernesto Calderon Martinez9Department of Medicine, Caribbean Medical University, Rosemont, IL 60018, USADepartment of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro 76060, PakistanDepartment of Medicine, Caribbean Medical University, Rosemont, IL 60018, USADepartment of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro 76060, PakistanDepartment of Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu 44600, NepalDepartment of Medicine, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan 56700, NepalDepartment of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro 76060, PakistanDepartment of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, MexicoHouston Methodist West Hospital, Houston, TX 77094, USADepartment of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, MexicoSleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is a respiratory disorder characterized by cessation of breathing during sleep, resulting in daytime somnolence and various comorbidities. SAHS encompasses obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), caused by upper airway obstruction, and central sleep apnea (CSA), resulting from lack of brainstem signaling for respiration. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is the gold standard treatment for SAHS, reducing apnea and hypopnea episodes by providing continuous airflow. CPAP enhances sleep quality and improves overall health by reducing the risk of comorbidities such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and stroke. CPAP nonadherence leads to health deterioration and occurs due to mask discomfort, unsupportive partners, upper respiratory dryness, and claustrophobia. Technological advancements such as auto-titrating positive airway pressure (APAP) systems, smart fit mask interface systems, and telemonitoring devices offer patients greater comfort and enhance adherence. Future research should focus on new technological developments, such as artificial intelligence, which may detect treatment failure and alert providers to intervene accordingly.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3271/13/1/4continuous positive airway pressureobstructive sleep apneacentral sleep apneasleep apnea hypopnea syndromeCPAP adherenceCPAP noncompliance |
| spellingShingle | Zishan Rahman Ahsan Nazim Palvi Mroke Khansa Ali MD Parbej Allam Aakash Mahato Mahveer Maheshwari Camila Sanchez Cruz Imran Baig Ernesto Calderon Martinez Long-Term Management of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome: Efficacy and Challenges of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy—A Narrative Review Medical Sciences continuous positive airway pressure obstructive sleep apnea central sleep apnea sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome CPAP adherence CPAP noncompliance |
| title | Long-Term Management of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome: Efficacy and Challenges of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy—A Narrative Review |
| title_full | Long-Term Management of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome: Efficacy and Challenges of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy—A Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | Long-Term Management of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome: Efficacy and Challenges of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy—A Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-Term Management of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome: Efficacy and Challenges of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy—A Narrative Review |
| title_short | Long-Term Management of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome: Efficacy and Challenges of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy—A Narrative Review |
| title_sort | long term management of sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome efficacy and challenges of continuous positive airway pressure therapy a narrative review |
| topic | continuous positive airway pressure obstructive sleep apnea central sleep apnea sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome CPAP adherence CPAP noncompliance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3271/13/1/4 |
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