Psilocybin in the treatment of eating disorders: a systematic review of the literature and registered clinical trials

Abstract Background Fluoxetine remains the only pharmacological treatment approved for Bulimia Nervosa, and no other drugs have been approved for eating disorders (EDs). The rationale for exploring psilocybin as a treatment for EDs is compelling, both from biological and psychological perspectives....

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Main Authors: Francesco Bevione, Maria Carla Lacidogna, Raffaele Lavalle, Giovanni Abbate Daga, Antonio Preti
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-07-01
Series:Eating and Weight Disorders
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-025-01771-y
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author Francesco Bevione
Maria Carla Lacidogna
Raffaele Lavalle
Giovanni Abbate Daga
Antonio Preti
author_facet Francesco Bevione
Maria Carla Lacidogna
Raffaele Lavalle
Giovanni Abbate Daga
Antonio Preti
author_sort Francesco Bevione
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Fluoxetine remains the only pharmacological treatment approved for Bulimia Nervosa, and no other drugs have been approved for eating disorders (EDs). The rationale for exploring psilocybin as a treatment for EDs is compelling, both from biological and psychological perspectives. Moreover, its safety profile in healthy individuals appears favorable. This systematic review aims to examine original research articles and registered clinical trials to assess the current psilocybin’s therapeutic potential in EDs. Methods Systematic review following the indications of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), and the Cochrane Library from inception until 29 July 2024, with key terms: “psilocybin” and “eating disorders”. Quality was assessed through the Quality Assessment Tool for Before–After (Pre–Post) Studies With No Control Group released by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). We performed an additional search on the registry of clinical trials available at the website https://clinicaltrials.gov . Results Two studies met the inclusion criteria for our analysis. The first was an open-label feasibility study involving 10 individuals with Anorexia Nervosa (AN), without a control group. The second was a single case report describing the use of psilocybin in a person with AN. In addition, six registered clinical trials of psilocybin in individuals with EDs were identified. Conclusions The initial evidence shows that psilocybin might be safe and well-tolerated in AN. The promising results and the need for tests in enlarged samples encourage further research on psilocybin in EDs. Level of evidence VIII Evidence from nonrandomized controlled clinical trials, nonrandomized clinical trials, cohort studies, case series, case reports, and individual qualitative studies.
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spelling doaj-art-7a6f4fc24087490ea00aba0c9312c2272025-08-20T03:42:39ZengSpringerEating and Weight Disorders1590-12622025-07-0130111710.1007/s40519-025-01771-yPsilocybin in the treatment of eating disorders: a systematic review of the literature and registered clinical trialsFrancesco Bevione0Maria Carla Lacidogna1Raffaele Lavalle2Giovanni Abbate Daga3Antonio Preti4Department of Neuroscience, University of TurinDepartment of Neuroscience, University of TurinDepartment of Neuroscience, University of TurinDepartment of Neuroscience, University of TurinDepartment of Neuroscience, University of TurinAbstract Background Fluoxetine remains the only pharmacological treatment approved for Bulimia Nervosa, and no other drugs have been approved for eating disorders (EDs). The rationale for exploring psilocybin as a treatment for EDs is compelling, both from biological and psychological perspectives. Moreover, its safety profile in healthy individuals appears favorable. This systematic review aims to examine original research articles and registered clinical trials to assess the current psilocybin’s therapeutic potential in EDs. Methods Systematic review following the indications of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), and the Cochrane Library from inception until 29 July 2024, with key terms: “psilocybin” and “eating disorders”. Quality was assessed through the Quality Assessment Tool for Before–After (Pre–Post) Studies With No Control Group released by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). We performed an additional search on the registry of clinical trials available at the website https://clinicaltrials.gov . Results Two studies met the inclusion criteria for our analysis. The first was an open-label feasibility study involving 10 individuals with Anorexia Nervosa (AN), without a control group. The second was a single case report describing the use of psilocybin in a person with AN. In addition, six registered clinical trials of psilocybin in individuals with EDs were identified. Conclusions The initial evidence shows that psilocybin might be safe and well-tolerated in AN. The promising results and the need for tests in enlarged samples encourage further research on psilocybin in EDs. Level of evidence VIII Evidence from nonrandomized controlled clinical trials, nonrandomized clinical trials, cohort studies, case series, case reports, and individual qualitative studies.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-025-01771-yEating disordersPsilocybinPsychedelicsPsychotherapyNovel treatments
spellingShingle Francesco Bevione
Maria Carla Lacidogna
Raffaele Lavalle
Giovanni Abbate Daga
Antonio Preti
Psilocybin in the treatment of eating disorders: a systematic review of the literature and registered clinical trials
Eating and Weight Disorders
Eating disorders
Psilocybin
Psychedelics
Psychotherapy
Novel treatments
title Psilocybin in the treatment of eating disorders: a systematic review of the literature and registered clinical trials
title_full Psilocybin in the treatment of eating disorders: a systematic review of the literature and registered clinical trials
title_fullStr Psilocybin in the treatment of eating disorders: a systematic review of the literature and registered clinical trials
title_full_unstemmed Psilocybin in the treatment of eating disorders: a systematic review of the literature and registered clinical trials
title_short Psilocybin in the treatment of eating disorders: a systematic review of the literature and registered clinical trials
title_sort psilocybin in the treatment of eating disorders a systematic review of the literature and registered clinical trials
topic Eating disorders
Psilocybin
Psychedelics
Psychotherapy
Novel treatments
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-025-01771-y
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