Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells and visual processing: ipRGCs beyond non-image-forming functions
Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are relatively newly discovered photoreceptors other than rods and cones. For the last decade, people have been considered ipRGCs to be primarily in charge of non-image-forming and cognitive functions. However, an increasing body of eviden...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1635101/full |
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| _version_ | 1849684150107242496 |
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| author | Hsing-Hao Lee |
| author_facet | Hsing-Hao Lee |
| author_sort | Hsing-Hao Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are relatively newly discovered photoreceptors other than rods and cones. For the last decade, people have been considered ipRGCs to be primarily in charge of non-image-forming and cognitive functions. However, an increasing body of evidence has pointed out that ipRGCs also play a role in visual processing, such as contrast, brightness and color perception. In this mini-review, I listed what the caveats about those studies discussing how ipRGCs affect cognitive functions and how ipRGCs serve as image-forming functions under well-controlled condition. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7a630dcfd3ac4dbf8a9f3ff1fa7fcb3b |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1662-453X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj-art-7a630dcfd3ac4dbf8a9f3ff1fa7fcb3b2025-08-20T03:23:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2025-08-011910.3389/fnins.2025.16351011635101Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells and visual processing: ipRGCs beyond non-image-forming functionsHsing-Hao LeeIntrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are relatively newly discovered photoreceptors other than rods and cones. For the last decade, people have been considered ipRGCs to be primarily in charge of non-image-forming and cognitive functions. However, an increasing body of evidence has pointed out that ipRGCs also play a role in visual processing, such as contrast, brightness and color perception. In this mini-review, I listed what the caveats about those studies discussing how ipRGCs affect cognitive functions and how ipRGCs serve as image-forming functions under well-controlled condition.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1635101/fullintrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs)blue lightvisual processingnon-image-forming functionsmelanopsin |
| spellingShingle | Hsing-Hao Lee Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells and visual processing: ipRGCs beyond non-image-forming functions Frontiers in Neuroscience intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) blue light visual processing non-image-forming functions melanopsin |
| title | Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells and visual processing: ipRGCs beyond non-image-forming functions |
| title_full | Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells and visual processing: ipRGCs beyond non-image-forming functions |
| title_fullStr | Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells and visual processing: ipRGCs beyond non-image-forming functions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells and visual processing: ipRGCs beyond non-image-forming functions |
| title_short | Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells and visual processing: ipRGCs beyond non-image-forming functions |
| title_sort | intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells and visual processing iprgcs beyond non image forming functions |
| topic | intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) blue light visual processing non-image-forming functions melanopsin |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1635101/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hsinghaolee intrinsicallyphotosensitiveretinalganglioncellsandvisualprocessingiprgcsbeyondnonimageformingfunctions |