Proteomics and metabolomics analyses of mechanism underlying bovine sperm cryoinjury

Abstract Background The cryoinjury of semen during cryopreservation reduces sperm motility, constraining the application of artificial insemination (AI) in bovine reproduction. Some fertility markers, related to sperm motility before and after freezing have been identified. However, little is known...

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Main Authors: Renzheng Zhang, Xiuyuan Wang, Ruili Liu, Yanfang Mei, Xiuping Miao, Jiaxu Ma, Lei Zou, Qiuyue Zhao, Xuejin Bai, Yajuan Dong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-01-01
Series:BMC Genomics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11258-w
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author Renzheng Zhang
Xiuyuan Wang
Ruili Liu
Yanfang Mei
Xiuping Miao
Jiaxu Ma
Lei Zou
Qiuyue Zhao
Xuejin Bai
Yajuan Dong
author_facet Renzheng Zhang
Xiuyuan Wang
Ruili Liu
Yanfang Mei
Xiuping Miao
Jiaxu Ma
Lei Zou
Qiuyue Zhao
Xuejin Bai
Yajuan Dong
author_sort Renzheng Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The cryoinjury of semen during cryopreservation reduces sperm motility, constraining the application of artificial insemination (AI) in bovine reproduction. Some fertility markers, related to sperm motility before and after freezing have been identified. However, little is known about the biological mechanism through which freezing reduces sperm motility. This study investigated the selective effects of cryoinjury on high-motility sperm (HMS) and low-motility sperm (LMS) in frozen-thawed from the perspectives of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and ATP levels. The molecular mechanism of decreased sperm motility caused by cryoinjury was explored through a joint analysis of 4D-label free quantitative proteomics and non-targeted metabolomics. Results The results indicate that low levels of ROS and high degrees of MMP and ATP play a critical role in the survival of HMS during the freezing process. The sperm samples from the frozen-thawed HMS and LMS were analysed for proteomics and metabolomics, 2,465 proteins and 4,135 metabolites were detected in bovine sperm samples. In contrast to LMS, HMS have 106 proteins and 106 metabolites with high abundance expression, and 79 proteins and 223 metabolites with low abundance expression. Proteomics and metabolomics data exhibit that highly expressed antioxidant enzymes and metabolites in HMS can maintain sperm motility by regulating the ROS produced during freezing to prevent sperm from oxidative stress and apoptosis. Furthermore, the KEGG analysis of differential proteins and metabolites during the freezing process implies that the significant enrichment of glycolysis and cAMP in HMS can guarantee energy supply. Conclusions The results provided that during the process of bovine sperm freezing, highly expressed antioxidant enzymes can regulate the reactive oxygen species levels to avoid oxidative stress and the glycolysis signalling pathway ensures ATP production can sustain frozen-thawed sperm motility.
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spelling doaj-art-7a58204f64134ce9a46487a1e31313f72025-01-26T12:16:28ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642025-01-0126111610.1186/s12864-025-11258-wProteomics and metabolomics analyses of mechanism underlying bovine sperm cryoinjuryRenzheng Zhang0Xiuyuan Wang1Ruili Liu2Yanfang Mei3Xiuping Miao4Jiaxu Ma5Lei Zou6Qiuyue Zhao7Xuejin Bai8Yajuan Dong9College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityAbstract Background The cryoinjury of semen during cryopreservation reduces sperm motility, constraining the application of artificial insemination (AI) in bovine reproduction. Some fertility markers, related to sperm motility before and after freezing have been identified. However, little is known about the biological mechanism through which freezing reduces sperm motility. This study investigated the selective effects of cryoinjury on high-motility sperm (HMS) and low-motility sperm (LMS) in frozen-thawed from the perspectives of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and ATP levels. The molecular mechanism of decreased sperm motility caused by cryoinjury was explored through a joint analysis of 4D-label free quantitative proteomics and non-targeted metabolomics. Results The results indicate that low levels of ROS and high degrees of MMP and ATP play a critical role in the survival of HMS during the freezing process. The sperm samples from the frozen-thawed HMS and LMS were analysed for proteomics and metabolomics, 2,465 proteins and 4,135 metabolites were detected in bovine sperm samples. In contrast to LMS, HMS have 106 proteins and 106 metabolites with high abundance expression, and 79 proteins and 223 metabolites with low abundance expression. Proteomics and metabolomics data exhibit that highly expressed antioxidant enzymes and metabolites in HMS can maintain sperm motility by regulating the ROS produced during freezing to prevent sperm from oxidative stress and apoptosis. Furthermore, the KEGG analysis of differential proteins and metabolites during the freezing process implies that the significant enrichment of glycolysis and cAMP in HMS can guarantee energy supply. Conclusions The results provided that during the process of bovine sperm freezing, highly expressed antioxidant enzymes can regulate the reactive oxygen species levels to avoid oxidative stress and the glycolysis signalling pathway ensures ATP production can sustain frozen-thawed sperm motility.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11258-wBovineSpermCryoinjuryProteomicsMetabolomicsROS
spellingShingle Renzheng Zhang
Xiuyuan Wang
Ruili Liu
Yanfang Mei
Xiuping Miao
Jiaxu Ma
Lei Zou
Qiuyue Zhao
Xuejin Bai
Yajuan Dong
Proteomics and metabolomics analyses of mechanism underlying bovine sperm cryoinjury
BMC Genomics
Bovine
Sperm
Cryoinjury
Proteomics
Metabolomics
ROS
title Proteomics and metabolomics analyses of mechanism underlying bovine sperm cryoinjury
title_full Proteomics and metabolomics analyses of mechanism underlying bovine sperm cryoinjury
title_fullStr Proteomics and metabolomics analyses of mechanism underlying bovine sperm cryoinjury
title_full_unstemmed Proteomics and metabolomics analyses of mechanism underlying bovine sperm cryoinjury
title_short Proteomics and metabolomics analyses of mechanism underlying bovine sperm cryoinjury
title_sort proteomics and metabolomics analyses of mechanism underlying bovine sperm cryoinjury
topic Bovine
Sperm
Cryoinjury
Proteomics
Metabolomics
ROS
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11258-w
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