Investigation of flame morphology and thermal characteristics of NEPE solid propellant combustion in an open air environment
During operations, there is a potential risk of solid propellant being dropped, which could cause fire accidents and a severe thermal environment. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the combustion properties of solid propellant in open environments. In this research, a large outdoor experimen...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-09-01
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| Series: | Case Studies in Thermal Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25008135 |
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| author | Yuan Ma Guangmei Shi Yupeng Hu Minghai Li Yanhong Zhang |
| author_facet | Yuan Ma Guangmei Shi Yupeng Hu Minghai Li Yanhong Zhang |
| author_sort | Yuan Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | During operations, there is a potential risk of solid propellant being dropped, which could cause fire accidents and a severe thermal environment. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the combustion properties of solid propellant in open environments. In this research, a large outdoor experimental platform for solid propellant combustion is established. The flame morphology and thermal characteristics of NEPE propellants of various sizes are studied both experimentally and theoretically. The impacts of flame thickness on temperature measurement errors of bare thermocouples are meticulously analyzed, and the radiant heat flow is estimated. The results indicate that the average burning rates of samples sized Φ66mm × 250 mm (#1), Φ160mm × 190 mm (#2), and Φ104mm × 400 mm (#3) are 0.8, 0.73, and 0.94 mm/s, respectively. The corresponding flame widths reach 24, 52, and 32 cm, while the flame heights are less than 1.5 m. Moreover, the highest flame temperatures measure 2743, 2661, and 2904 K, respectively. To keep the temperature error rate of bare thermocouples below 10 %, the flame thickness should exceed 0.4 m. To limit the error to within 20 %, a minimum flame thickness of 0.2 m is required. The maximum radiant heat fluxes of #1, #2 and #3 are up to 959, 1298, and 1499 kW/m2, respectively. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7a4bcacd66e548f18d5d97fdde0fcdca |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2214-157X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Case Studies in Thermal Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-7a4bcacd66e548f18d5d97fdde0fcdca2025-08-20T03:24:03ZengElsevierCase Studies in Thermal Engineering2214-157X2025-09-017310655310.1016/j.csite.2025.106553Investigation of flame morphology and thermal characteristics of NEPE solid propellant combustion in an open air environmentYuan Ma0Guangmei Shi1Yupeng Hu2Minghai Li3Yanhong Zhang4Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621999, ChinaInstitute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621999, ChinaInstitute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621999, ChinaCorresponding author.; Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621999, ChinaInstitute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621999, ChinaDuring operations, there is a potential risk of solid propellant being dropped, which could cause fire accidents and a severe thermal environment. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the combustion properties of solid propellant in open environments. In this research, a large outdoor experimental platform for solid propellant combustion is established. The flame morphology and thermal characteristics of NEPE propellants of various sizes are studied both experimentally and theoretically. The impacts of flame thickness on temperature measurement errors of bare thermocouples are meticulously analyzed, and the radiant heat flow is estimated. The results indicate that the average burning rates of samples sized Φ66mm × 250 mm (#1), Φ160mm × 190 mm (#2), and Φ104mm × 400 mm (#3) are 0.8, 0.73, and 0.94 mm/s, respectively. The corresponding flame widths reach 24, 52, and 32 cm, while the flame heights are less than 1.5 m. Moreover, the highest flame temperatures measure 2743, 2661, and 2904 K, respectively. To keep the temperature error rate of bare thermocouples below 10 %, the flame thickness should exceed 0.4 m. To limit the error to within 20 %, a minimum flame thickness of 0.2 m is required. The maximum radiant heat fluxes of #1, #2 and #3 are up to 959, 1298, and 1499 kW/m2, respectively.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25008135Open environmentsNEPE solid propellantCombustionFlame morphologyThermal characteristics |
| spellingShingle | Yuan Ma Guangmei Shi Yupeng Hu Minghai Li Yanhong Zhang Investigation of flame morphology and thermal characteristics of NEPE solid propellant combustion in an open air environment Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Open environments NEPE solid propellant Combustion Flame morphology Thermal characteristics |
| title | Investigation of flame morphology and thermal characteristics of NEPE solid propellant combustion in an open air environment |
| title_full | Investigation of flame morphology and thermal characteristics of NEPE solid propellant combustion in an open air environment |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of flame morphology and thermal characteristics of NEPE solid propellant combustion in an open air environment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of flame morphology and thermal characteristics of NEPE solid propellant combustion in an open air environment |
| title_short | Investigation of flame morphology and thermal characteristics of NEPE solid propellant combustion in an open air environment |
| title_sort | investigation of flame morphology and thermal characteristics of nepe solid propellant combustion in an open air environment |
| topic | Open environments NEPE solid propellant Combustion Flame morphology Thermal characteristics |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25008135 |
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