Effects of E-Cigarette Liquid Ratios on the Gravimetric Filter Correction Factors and Real-Time Measurements
Abstract Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) generate high concentrations of particulate matter (PM), impacting the air quality inhaled by humans through secondhand exposure. ECIG liquids are available commercially and some users create their own “do-it-yourself” liquids, and these liquids often vary in t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230011 |
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| author | Austin Close Jane Blackerby Heather Tunnell Jack Pender Eric Soule Sinan Sousan |
| author_facet | Austin Close Jane Blackerby Heather Tunnell Jack Pender Eric Soule Sinan Sousan |
| author_sort | Austin Close |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) generate high concentrations of particulate matter (PM), impacting the air quality inhaled by humans through secondhand exposure. ECIG liquids are available commercially and some users create their own “do-it-yourself” liquids, and these liquids often vary in the amounts of their chemical ingredients, including propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG). Previous studies have quantified PM concentrations in ECIG aerosol generated from liquids containing different PG/VG ratios. However, the effects of these ratios on aerosol instrument filter correction factors needed to measure PM concentrations accurately have not been assessed. Thus, ECIG aerosol filter correction factors for multiple aerosol instruments (SMPS + APS, MiniWRAS, pDR, and SidePak) were determined for five different PG/VG ratios 1) 0PG/100VG, 2) 15PG/85VG, 3) 50PG/50VG, 4) 72PG/28VG, and 5) 90PG/10VG and two different PM sizes, PM1 (1 µm and smaller) and PM2.5 (2.5 µm and smaller). ECIG aerosols were generated inside a controlled exposure chamber using a diaphragm pump and a refillable ECIG device for all the ratios. In addition, the aerosol size distribution and mass median diameter were measured for all five ECIG ratios. PM2.5 correction factors (5–7.6) for ratios 1, 2, 3, and 4 were similar for the SMPS + APS combined data, and ratios 1, 2, 3 were similar for the MiniWRAS (~2), pDR (~0.5), and SidePak (~0.24). These data suggest different correction factors may need to be developed for aerosol generated from ECIGs with high PG content. The higher correction factor values for the 90PG/10VG ratio may have resulted from greater PG volatility relative to VG and sensor losses. The correction factors (ratios 1–4) for PM2.5 were SMPS + APS data (4.96–7.62), MiniWRAS (2.02–3.64), pDR (0.50–1.07), and SidePak (0.22–0.40). These data can help improve ECIG aerosol measurement accuracy for different ECIG mixture ratios. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7a4a8b47cc05411ea486df1033cd93ca |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-8584 2071-1409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
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| series | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-7a4a8b47cc05411ea486df1033cd93ca2025-02-09T12:22:53ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092023-07-01231011510.4209/aaqr.230011Effects of E-Cigarette Liquid Ratios on the Gravimetric Filter Correction Factors and Real-Time MeasurementsAustin Close0Jane Blackerby1Heather Tunnell2Jack Pender3Eric Soule4Sinan Sousan5Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina UniversityDepartment of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina UniversityDepartment of Chemistry, East Carolina UniversityDepartment of Chemistry, East Carolina UniversityDepartment of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina UniversityDepartment of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina UniversityAbstract Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) generate high concentrations of particulate matter (PM), impacting the air quality inhaled by humans through secondhand exposure. ECIG liquids are available commercially and some users create their own “do-it-yourself” liquids, and these liquids often vary in the amounts of their chemical ingredients, including propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG). Previous studies have quantified PM concentrations in ECIG aerosol generated from liquids containing different PG/VG ratios. However, the effects of these ratios on aerosol instrument filter correction factors needed to measure PM concentrations accurately have not been assessed. Thus, ECIG aerosol filter correction factors for multiple aerosol instruments (SMPS + APS, MiniWRAS, pDR, and SidePak) were determined for five different PG/VG ratios 1) 0PG/100VG, 2) 15PG/85VG, 3) 50PG/50VG, 4) 72PG/28VG, and 5) 90PG/10VG and two different PM sizes, PM1 (1 µm and smaller) and PM2.5 (2.5 µm and smaller). ECIG aerosols were generated inside a controlled exposure chamber using a diaphragm pump and a refillable ECIG device for all the ratios. In addition, the aerosol size distribution and mass median diameter were measured for all five ECIG ratios. PM2.5 correction factors (5–7.6) for ratios 1, 2, 3, and 4 were similar for the SMPS + APS combined data, and ratios 1, 2, 3 were similar for the MiniWRAS (~2), pDR (~0.5), and SidePak (~0.24). These data suggest different correction factors may need to be developed for aerosol generated from ECIGs with high PG content. The higher correction factor values for the 90PG/10VG ratio may have resulted from greater PG volatility relative to VG and sensor losses. The correction factors (ratios 1–4) for PM2.5 were SMPS + APS data (4.96–7.62), MiniWRAS (2.02–3.64), pDR (0.50–1.07), and SidePak (0.22–0.40). These data can help improve ECIG aerosol measurement accuracy for different ECIG mixture ratios.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230011Particulate matterPM2.5ECIGPG/VG ratiosFilter correction factors |
| spellingShingle | Austin Close Jane Blackerby Heather Tunnell Jack Pender Eric Soule Sinan Sousan Effects of E-Cigarette Liquid Ratios on the Gravimetric Filter Correction Factors and Real-Time Measurements Aerosol and Air Quality Research Particulate matter PM2.5 ECIG PG/VG ratios Filter correction factors |
| title | Effects of E-Cigarette Liquid Ratios on the Gravimetric Filter Correction Factors and Real-Time Measurements |
| title_full | Effects of E-Cigarette Liquid Ratios on the Gravimetric Filter Correction Factors and Real-Time Measurements |
| title_fullStr | Effects of E-Cigarette Liquid Ratios on the Gravimetric Filter Correction Factors and Real-Time Measurements |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of E-Cigarette Liquid Ratios on the Gravimetric Filter Correction Factors and Real-Time Measurements |
| title_short | Effects of E-Cigarette Liquid Ratios on the Gravimetric Filter Correction Factors and Real-Time Measurements |
| title_sort | effects of e cigarette liquid ratios on the gravimetric filter correction factors and real time measurements |
| topic | Particulate matter PM2.5 ECIG PG/VG ratios Filter correction factors |
| url | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230011 |
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