Excessive ultra-processed foods exposure aggravates ulcerative colitis via macrophage ferroptosis

Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic inflammatory disease with global prevalence, is increasingly associated with environmental exposure to modern dietary hazards, particularly ultra-processed foods (UPFs) containing oxidized phytosterols. While industrial food processing techniques and repeated oil r...

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Main Authors: Xiaoqi Pang, Jing Yan, Xinrui Lv, Jingjing Wang, Qi Chen, Yaxin Qi, Xin Xu, Bangmao Wang, Hailong Cao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Environment International
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016041202500457X
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author Xiaoqi Pang
Jing Yan
Xinrui Lv
Jingjing Wang
Qi Chen
Yaxin Qi
Xin Xu
Bangmao Wang
Hailong Cao
author_facet Xiaoqi Pang
Jing Yan
Xinrui Lv
Jingjing Wang
Qi Chen
Yaxin Qi
Xin Xu
Bangmao Wang
Hailong Cao
author_sort Xiaoqi Pang
collection DOAJ
description Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic inflammatory disease with global prevalence, is increasingly associated with environmental exposure to modern dietary hazards, particularly ultra-processed foods (UPFs) containing oxidized phytosterols. While industrial food processing techniques and repeated oil reuse are known to amplify formation of phytosterol oxidation products, their biological impacts on intestinal inflammation remain unexplored. This study focuses on 7-ketositosterol (KS), the most abundant phytosterol oxide found in UPFs, and its role in UC. Clinically, dietary analysis revealed a positive correlation between KS intake and Mayo score in UC patients (p < 0.01). Furthermore, in a C57BL/6 mouse model, KS was demonstrated to exacerbate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis (p < 0.001). Mechanistically, KS impedes nuclear translocation of the N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) demethylase AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) (p < 0.05). This suppression downregulates expression of the glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), impairing glutathione biosynthesis and ultimately triggering macrophage ferroptosis, as evidenced by increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), Fe2+, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Crucially, ALKBH5 overexpression restored GCLM-mediated antioxidant defenses and mitigated ferroptosis in RAW264.7 cells (p < 0.05). Immunofluorescence confirmed KS-mediated suppression of the ALKBH5-GCLM axis in clinical specimens, exhibiting strong correlation with UC (p < 0.05). Our findings establish UPFs-derived KS as a novel environmental driver of UC pathogenesis through regulation of macrophage ferroptosis. These results identify the KS-ALKBH5-GCLM-ferroptosis axis as a promising therapeutic target for UC intervention.
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spelling doaj-art-7a473c84841e49119b3b4c377b32fb452025-08-20T03:58:11ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202025-08-0120210970610.1016/j.envint.2025.109706Excessive ultra-processed foods exposure aggravates ulcerative colitis via macrophage ferroptosisXiaoqi Pang0Jing Yan1Xinrui Lv2Jingjing Wang3Qi Chen4Yaxin Qi5Xin Xu6Bangmao Wang7Hailong Cao8Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Nutrition, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710038, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Nutrition, the Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China; Corresponding author at: Anshan Road No. 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China; Corresponding author at: Anshan Road No. 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic inflammatory disease with global prevalence, is increasingly associated with environmental exposure to modern dietary hazards, particularly ultra-processed foods (UPFs) containing oxidized phytosterols. While industrial food processing techniques and repeated oil reuse are known to amplify formation of phytosterol oxidation products, their biological impacts on intestinal inflammation remain unexplored. This study focuses on 7-ketositosterol (KS), the most abundant phytosterol oxide found in UPFs, and its role in UC. Clinically, dietary analysis revealed a positive correlation between KS intake and Mayo score in UC patients (p < 0.01). Furthermore, in a C57BL/6 mouse model, KS was demonstrated to exacerbate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis (p < 0.001). Mechanistically, KS impedes nuclear translocation of the N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) demethylase AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) (p < 0.05). This suppression downregulates expression of the glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), impairing glutathione biosynthesis and ultimately triggering macrophage ferroptosis, as evidenced by increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), Fe2+, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Crucially, ALKBH5 overexpression restored GCLM-mediated antioxidant defenses and mitigated ferroptosis in RAW264.7 cells (p < 0.05). Immunofluorescence confirmed KS-mediated suppression of the ALKBH5-GCLM axis in clinical specimens, exhibiting strong correlation with UC (p < 0.05). Our findings establish UPFs-derived KS as a novel environmental driver of UC pathogenesis through regulation of macrophage ferroptosis. These results identify the KS-ALKBH5-GCLM-ferroptosis axis as a promising therapeutic target for UC intervention.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016041202500457X7-KetositosterolFerroptosisMacrophagesUlcerative colitisUltra-processed foods
spellingShingle Xiaoqi Pang
Jing Yan
Xinrui Lv
Jingjing Wang
Qi Chen
Yaxin Qi
Xin Xu
Bangmao Wang
Hailong Cao
Excessive ultra-processed foods exposure aggravates ulcerative colitis via macrophage ferroptosis
Environment International
7-Ketositosterol
Ferroptosis
Macrophages
Ulcerative colitis
Ultra-processed foods
title Excessive ultra-processed foods exposure aggravates ulcerative colitis via macrophage ferroptosis
title_full Excessive ultra-processed foods exposure aggravates ulcerative colitis via macrophage ferroptosis
title_fullStr Excessive ultra-processed foods exposure aggravates ulcerative colitis via macrophage ferroptosis
title_full_unstemmed Excessive ultra-processed foods exposure aggravates ulcerative colitis via macrophage ferroptosis
title_short Excessive ultra-processed foods exposure aggravates ulcerative colitis via macrophage ferroptosis
title_sort excessive ultra processed foods exposure aggravates ulcerative colitis via macrophage ferroptosis
topic 7-Ketositosterol
Ferroptosis
Macrophages
Ulcerative colitis
Ultra-processed foods
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016041202500457X
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