Feasibility and Usability of an Artificial Intelligence—Powered Gamification Intervention for Enhancing Physical Activity Among College Students: Quasi-Experimental Study
Abstract BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) is vital for physical and mental health, but many college students fail to meet recommended levels. Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered gamification interventions through mobile app have the potential to improve PA levels among Chines...
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JMIR Publications
2025-03-01
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| Series: | JMIR Serious Games |
| Online Access: | https://games.jmir.org/2025/1/e65498 |
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| author | Yanan Gao Jinxi Zhang Zhonghui He Zhixiong Zhou |
| author_facet | Yanan Gao Jinxi Zhang Zhonghui He Zhixiong Zhou |
| author_sort | Yanan Gao |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Abstract
BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) is vital for physical and mental health, but many college students fail to meet recommended levels. Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered gamification interventions through mobile app have the potential to improve PA levels among Chinese college students.
ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the feasibility and usability of an AI-powered gamification intervention.
MethodsA quasi-experimental study spanning 2 months was conducted on a sample of college students aged 18 to 25 years old from 18 universities in Beijing. PA data were recorded using the ShouTi Fitness app, and participant engagement was evaluated through surveys. User satisfaction was gauged through the System Usability Scale, while the intervention’s feasibility was assessed through Spearman rank correlation analysis, Mann-Whitney tests, and additional descriptive analyses.
ResultsAs of July 2023, we enrolled 456 college students. In total, 18,073 PA sessions were recorded, with men completing 8068 sessions and women completing 10,055 sessions. The average PA intensity was 7 metabolic equivalent of energy (MET)s per session. Most participants preferred afternoon sessions and favored short-duration sessions, with men averaging 66 seconds per session and women 42 seconds. The System Usability Scale score for the intervention based on app is 65.2. Users responded positively to the integration of AI and gamification elements, including personalized recommendations, action recognition, smart grouping, dynamic management, collaborative, and competition. Specifically, 341 users (75%) found the AI features very interesting, 365 (80%) were motivated by the gamification elements, 364 (80%) reported that the intervention supported their fitness goals, and 365 (80%) considered the intervention reliable. A significant positive correlation was observed between the duration of individual PA and intervention duration for men (ρ=0.510, PP
ConclusionsThis study provides pioneering evidence of the feasibility and usability of the AI-powered gamification intervention. While adherence was successfully demonstrated, further studies or interventions are needed to directly assess the impact on PA levels and focus on optimizing long-term adherence strategies and evaluating health outcomes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7a2ecc7a1efa45df80e3c9d87027d346 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2291-9279 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | JMIR Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | JMIR Serious Games |
| spelling | doaj-art-7a2ecc7a1efa45df80e3c9d87027d3462025-08-20T02:53:53ZengJMIR PublicationsJMIR Serious Games2291-92792025-03-0113e65498e6549810.2196/65498Feasibility and Usability of an Artificial Intelligence—Powered Gamification Intervention for Enhancing Physical Activity Among College Students: Quasi-Experimental StudyYanan Gaohttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-3641-5449Jinxi Zhanghttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-8048-6703Zhonghui Hehttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-7059-3022Zhixiong Zhouhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-3369-1429 Abstract BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) is vital for physical and mental health, but many college students fail to meet recommended levels. Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered gamification interventions through mobile app have the potential to improve PA levels among Chinese college students. ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the feasibility and usability of an AI-powered gamification intervention. MethodsA quasi-experimental study spanning 2 months was conducted on a sample of college students aged 18 to 25 years old from 18 universities in Beijing. PA data were recorded using the ShouTi Fitness app, and participant engagement was evaluated through surveys. User satisfaction was gauged through the System Usability Scale, while the intervention’s feasibility was assessed through Spearman rank correlation analysis, Mann-Whitney tests, and additional descriptive analyses. ResultsAs of July 2023, we enrolled 456 college students. In total, 18,073 PA sessions were recorded, with men completing 8068 sessions and women completing 10,055 sessions. The average PA intensity was 7 metabolic equivalent of energy (MET)s per session. Most participants preferred afternoon sessions and favored short-duration sessions, with men averaging 66 seconds per session and women 42 seconds. The System Usability Scale score for the intervention based on app is 65.2. Users responded positively to the integration of AI and gamification elements, including personalized recommendations, action recognition, smart grouping, dynamic management, collaborative, and competition. Specifically, 341 users (75%) found the AI features very interesting, 365 (80%) were motivated by the gamification elements, 364 (80%) reported that the intervention supported their fitness goals, and 365 (80%) considered the intervention reliable. A significant positive correlation was observed between the duration of individual PA and intervention duration for men (ρ=0.510, PP ConclusionsThis study provides pioneering evidence of the feasibility and usability of the AI-powered gamification intervention. While adherence was successfully demonstrated, further studies or interventions are needed to directly assess the impact on PA levels and focus on optimizing long-term adherence strategies and evaluating health outcomes.https://games.jmir.org/2025/1/e65498 |
| spellingShingle | Yanan Gao Jinxi Zhang Zhonghui He Zhixiong Zhou Feasibility and Usability of an Artificial Intelligence—Powered Gamification Intervention for Enhancing Physical Activity Among College Students: Quasi-Experimental Study JMIR Serious Games |
| title | Feasibility and Usability of an Artificial Intelligence—Powered Gamification Intervention for Enhancing Physical Activity Among College Students: Quasi-Experimental Study |
| title_full | Feasibility and Usability of an Artificial Intelligence—Powered Gamification Intervention for Enhancing Physical Activity Among College Students: Quasi-Experimental Study |
| title_fullStr | Feasibility and Usability of an Artificial Intelligence—Powered Gamification Intervention for Enhancing Physical Activity Among College Students: Quasi-Experimental Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Feasibility and Usability of an Artificial Intelligence—Powered Gamification Intervention for Enhancing Physical Activity Among College Students: Quasi-Experimental Study |
| title_short | Feasibility and Usability of an Artificial Intelligence—Powered Gamification Intervention for Enhancing Physical Activity Among College Students: Quasi-Experimental Study |
| title_sort | feasibility and usability of an artificial intelligence powered gamification intervention for enhancing physical activity among college students quasi experimental study |
| url | https://games.jmir.org/2025/1/e65498 |
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