Clinical Characteristics of Cognitive Subgroups of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

ABSTRACT Introduction Obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder. The results of symptom‐based classification studies are inconsistent in resolving this heterogeneity. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical differences between clusters created according to...

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Main Authors: Emre Mısır, Raşit Tükel, Berna Binnur Akdede, Emre Bora
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:Brain and Behavior
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70375
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author Emre Mısır
Raşit Tükel
Berna Binnur Akdede
Emre Bora
author_facet Emre Mısır
Raşit Tükel
Berna Binnur Akdede
Emre Bora
author_sort Emre Mısır
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Introduction Obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder. The results of symptom‐based classification studies are inconsistent in resolving this heterogeneity. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical differences between clusters created according to neurocognitive performance. Methods This study combined data sets from three previously published studies. A total of 135 outpatients diagnosed with OCD, and 106 healthy controls (HCs) were evaluated using the 17‐Item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS‐17) and a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Patients were also administered the Yale‐Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y‐BOCS). Results Two neurocognitive subgroups were identified by k‐means cluster analysis: globally impaired (GI, n = 42) and cognitively intact (CI, n = 93). The GI subgroup performed worse than the HC and CI groups on all neurocognitive tests. There was no difference between the CI group and HC in any cognitive domains. Compulsive symptom severity [t(133) = −2.45, p = 0.015], Y‐BOCS total score [t(133) = −2.09, p = 0.038], and age of onset were higher in the GI group than in the CI group [t(132) = −4.24, p < 0.001]. Years of education were higher in the CI and HC groups than in the GI group [F(238) = 35.27, p < 0.001]. There was no difference in symptom profile between the CI and GI groups. Conclusion The identified cognitive clusters may indicate subtypes with different neurobiological bases. A better dissection of the cognitive structure of OCD could potentially facilitate genetic and neuroimaging studies.
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spelling doaj-art-7a269dfe0d9b4b5fb11e005e14cc679e2025-08-20T02:16:54ZengWileyBrain and Behavior2162-32792025-03-01153n/an/a10.1002/brb3.70375Clinical Characteristics of Cognitive Subgroups of Obsessive Compulsive DisorderEmre Mısır0Raşit Tükel1Berna Binnur Akdede2Emre Bora3Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineBaskent UniversityAnkaraTurkeyDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicineİstanbul UniversityİstanbulTurkeyDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineDokuz Eylül UniversityİzmirTurkeyDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineDokuz Eylül UniversityİzmirTurkeyABSTRACT Introduction Obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder. The results of symptom‐based classification studies are inconsistent in resolving this heterogeneity. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical differences between clusters created according to neurocognitive performance. Methods This study combined data sets from three previously published studies. A total of 135 outpatients diagnosed with OCD, and 106 healthy controls (HCs) were evaluated using the 17‐Item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS‐17) and a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Patients were also administered the Yale‐Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y‐BOCS). Results Two neurocognitive subgroups were identified by k‐means cluster analysis: globally impaired (GI, n = 42) and cognitively intact (CI, n = 93). The GI subgroup performed worse than the HC and CI groups on all neurocognitive tests. There was no difference between the CI group and HC in any cognitive domains. Compulsive symptom severity [t(133) = −2.45, p = 0.015], Y‐BOCS total score [t(133) = −2.09, p = 0.038], and age of onset were higher in the GI group than in the CI group [t(132) = −4.24, p < 0.001]. Years of education were higher in the CI and HC groups than in the GI group [F(238) = 35.27, p < 0.001]. There was no difference in symptom profile between the CI and GI groups. Conclusion The identified cognitive clusters may indicate subtypes with different neurobiological bases. A better dissection of the cognitive structure of OCD could potentially facilitate genetic and neuroimaging studies.https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70375cognitive clustersheterogeneityneurocognitionobsessive compulsive disorder
spellingShingle Emre Mısır
Raşit Tükel
Berna Binnur Akdede
Emre Bora
Clinical Characteristics of Cognitive Subgroups of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Brain and Behavior
cognitive clusters
heterogeneity
neurocognition
obsessive compulsive disorder
title Clinical Characteristics of Cognitive Subgroups of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
title_full Clinical Characteristics of Cognitive Subgroups of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
title_fullStr Clinical Characteristics of Cognitive Subgroups of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
title_full_unstemmed Clinical Characteristics of Cognitive Subgroups of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
title_short Clinical Characteristics of Cognitive Subgroups of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
title_sort clinical characteristics of cognitive subgroups of obsessive compulsive disorder
topic cognitive clusters
heterogeneity
neurocognition
obsessive compulsive disorder
url https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70375
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AT bernabinnurakdede clinicalcharacteristicsofcognitivesubgroupsofobsessivecompulsivedisorder
AT emrebora clinicalcharacteristicsofcognitivesubgroupsofobsessivecompulsivedisorder