Airway Management in Complex Maxillofacial Trauma: Evaluating the Role of Submental Intubation as a Viable Alternative to Tracheostomy
Airway management in maxillofacial trauma is a critical and complex challenge, requiring both secure ventilation and optimal surgical access while minimizing risks to vital structures. This study evaluated the efficacy of submental intubation (SMI) as a minimally invasive alternative to tracheostomy...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1943-3883/18/1/21 |
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| Summary: | Airway management in maxillofacial trauma is a critical and complex challenge, requiring both secure ventilation and optimal surgical access while minimizing risks to vital structures. This study evaluated the efficacy of submental intubation (SMI) as a minimally invasive alternative to tracheostomy in patients with complex maxillofacial fractures. A retrospective analysis of 52 patients treated between 2015 and 2023 was conducted by comparing clinical outcomes between those who underwent SMI (n = 26) and those who underwent tracheostomy (n = 26). The duration of hospitalization, infection rates, and perioperative complications were assessed using t-tests, chi-square tests, and multivariate regression. Results indicated that SMI was associated with significantly shorter hospital stays (11.15 ± 3.29 vs. 23.96 ± 6.47 days, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and lower infection rates (3.8% vs. 30.8%, <i>p</i> = 0.028). Additionally, the SMI group demonstrated fewer intraoperative (<i>p</i> = 0.049) and postoperative complications (<i>p</i> = 0.037). Multivariate analysis identified tracheostomy as an independent predictor of prolonged hospitalization and increased complications. These findings support SMI as a safe and effective alternative to tracheostomy for short-term airway management in maxillofacial trauma, providing a shorter recovery period and fewer complications. Therefore, prospective studies with larger cohorts are warranted to confirm these results and establish comprehensive guidelines. |
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| ISSN: | 1943-3883 |