Learning selection-based augmented reality interactions across different training modalities: uncovering sex-specific neural strategies

IntroductionRecent advancements in augmented reality (AR) technology have opened up potential applications across various industries. In this study, we assess the effectiveness of psychomotor learning in AR compared to video-based training methods.MethodsThirty-three participants (17 males) trained...

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Main Authors: John Hayes, Joseph L. Gabbard, Ranjana K. Mehta
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Neuroergonomics
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnrgo.2025.1539552/full
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author John Hayes
Joseph L. Gabbard
Ranjana K. Mehta
author_facet John Hayes
Joseph L. Gabbard
Ranjana K. Mehta
author_sort John Hayes
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionRecent advancements in augmented reality (AR) technology have opened up potential applications across various industries. In this study, we assess the effectiveness of psychomotor learning in AR compared to video-based training methods.MethodsThirty-three participants (17 males) trained on four selection-based AR interactions by either watching a video or engaging in hands-on practice. Both groups were evaluated by executing these learned interactions in AR.ResultsThe AR group reported a higher subjective workload during training but showed significantly faster completion times during evaluation. We analyzed brain activation and functional connectivity using functional near-infrared spectroscopy during the evaluation phase. Our findings indicate that participants who trained in AR displayed more efficient brain networks, suggesting improved neural efficiency.DiscussionDifferences in sex-related activation and connectivity hint at varying neural strategies used during motor learning in AR. Future studies should investigate how demographic factors might influence performance and user experience in AR-based training programs.
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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series Frontiers in Neuroergonomics
spelling doaj-art-7a00459c1abb43f7b005cb0a780fedf62025-08-20T02:29:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroergonomics2673-61952025-04-01610.3389/fnrgo.2025.15395521539552Learning selection-based augmented reality interactions across different training modalities: uncovering sex-specific neural strategiesJohn Hayes0Joseph L. Gabbard1Ranjana K. Mehta2Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United StatesGrado Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United StatesDepartment of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United StatesIntroductionRecent advancements in augmented reality (AR) technology have opened up potential applications across various industries. In this study, we assess the effectiveness of psychomotor learning in AR compared to video-based training methods.MethodsThirty-three participants (17 males) trained on four selection-based AR interactions by either watching a video or engaging in hands-on practice. Both groups were evaluated by executing these learned interactions in AR.ResultsThe AR group reported a higher subjective workload during training but showed significantly faster completion times during evaluation. We analyzed brain activation and functional connectivity using functional near-infrared spectroscopy during the evaluation phase. Our findings indicate that participants who trained in AR displayed more efficient brain networks, suggesting improved neural efficiency.DiscussionDifferences in sex-related activation and connectivity hint at varying neural strategies used during motor learning in AR. Future studies should investigate how demographic factors might influence performance and user experience in AR-based training programs.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnrgo.2025.1539552/fullaugmented realityfNIRSpsychomotor learningsex differencesgraph theorytraining
spellingShingle John Hayes
Joseph L. Gabbard
Ranjana K. Mehta
Learning selection-based augmented reality interactions across different training modalities: uncovering sex-specific neural strategies
Frontiers in Neuroergonomics
augmented reality
fNIRS
psychomotor learning
sex differences
graph theory
training
title Learning selection-based augmented reality interactions across different training modalities: uncovering sex-specific neural strategies
title_full Learning selection-based augmented reality interactions across different training modalities: uncovering sex-specific neural strategies
title_fullStr Learning selection-based augmented reality interactions across different training modalities: uncovering sex-specific neural strategies
title_full_unstemmed Learning selection-based augmented reality interactions across different training modalities: uncovering sex-specific neural strategies
title_short Learning selection-based augmented reality interactions across different training modalities: uncovering sex-specific neural strategies
title_sort learning selection based augmented reality interactions across different training modalities uncovering sex specific neural strategies
topic augmented reality
fNIRS
psychomotor learning
sex differences
graph theory
training
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnrgo.2025.1539552/full
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AT josephlgabbard learningselectionbasedaugmentedrealityinteractionsacrossdifferenttrainingmodalitiesuncoveringsexspecificneuralstrategies
AT ranjanakmehta learningselectionbasedaugmentedrealityinteractionsacrossdifferenttrainingmodalitiesuncoveringsexspecificneuralstrategies