Operation of a Grid-Forming Converter Controlled by the Flux Vector
The electric power system is undergoing a significant transition. Renewable energy generation capacity has increased, leading to the displacement of synchronous generators (SG) and a growing concern about grid stability due to the decrease of rotating inertial energy. Grid-forming (GFM) converters h...
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10830506/ |
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| author | Juan Dolado Fernandez Eduardo Rausell Navarro Jose Luis Rodriguez Amenedo Joaquin Eloy-Garcia Santiago Arnaltes Gomez |
| author_facet | Juan Dolado Fernandez Eduardo Rausell Navarro Jose Luis Rodriguez Amenedo Joaquin Eloy-Garcia Santiago Arnaltes Gomez |
| author_sort | Juan Dolado Fernandez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The electric power system is undergoing a significant transition. Renewable energy generation capacity has increased, leading to the displacement of synchronous generators (SG) and a growing concern about grid stability due to the decrease of rotating inertial energy. Grid-forming (GFM) converters have become a technological solution to this challenge, as they are capable of operating in low strength system conditions and helping to stabilize the voltage and frequency of the grid. In this paper, a novel control scheme for GFM converters is validated in a commercial converter according to the National Grid ESO, called National Energy System Operator (NESO) since October 2024. The control scheme uses the flux vector as a simple and effective method for limiting the active and reactive currents without internal current loops. For this purpose, a hardware test bed has been implemented consisting of two DC sources emulating a photovoltaic (PV) plant which feed the DC bus a voltage source converter (VSC), a grid emulator which allows to generate the desired disturbances in the grid to evaluate the converter’s response and a three-phase load. The results obtained have validated that these GFM converters based on the flux vector are capable of synchronizing with the grid, responding against frequency disturbances like phase jumps or faults in the grid and operating in islanded mode. In addition, the innovative method used to limit the active and reactive current has also been tested, comparing its performance with that of a conventional GFM scheme, showing an improvement in the response stability. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-79d6070fe0cc4842811f686d8e4d9da5 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-79d6070fe0cc4842811f686d8e4d9da52025-08-20T03:11:15ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-01137040705210.1109/ACCESS.2025.352675210830506Operation of a Grid-Forming Converter Controlled by the Flux VectorJuan Dolado Fernandez0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7084-3490Eduardo Rausell Navarro1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5003-1791Jose Luis Rodriguez Amenedo2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0585-4596Joaquin Eloy-Garcia3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3469-9465Santiago Arnaltes Gomez4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9226-2387Electrical Engineering Department, University Carlos III of Madrid, Madrid, SpainDepartment of Technology, Research Centre for Energy, Environment, and Technology (CIEMAT), Madrid, SpainElectrical Engineering Department, University Carlos III of Madrid, Madrid, SpainIngenia Power Solutions SL, Madrid, SpainElectrical Engineering Department, University Carlos III of Madrid, Madrid, SpainThe electric power system is undergoing a significant transition. Renewable energy generation capacity has increased, leading to the displacement of synchronous generators (SG) and a growing concern about grid stability due to the decrease of rotating inertial energy. Grid-forming (GFM) converters have become a technological solution to this challenge, as they are capable of operating in low strength system conditions and helping to stabilize the voltage and frequency of the grid. In this paper, a novel control scheme for GFM converters is validated in a commercial converter according to the National Grid ESO, called National Energy System Operator (NESO) since October 2024. The control scheme uses the flux vector as a simple and effective method for limiting the active and reactive currents without internal current loops. For this purpose, a hardware test bed has been implemented consisting of two DC sources emulating a photovoltaic (PV) plant which feed the DC bus a voltage source converter (VSC), a grid emulator which allows to generate the desired disturbances in the grid to evaluate the converter’s response and a three-phase load. The results obtained have validated that these GFM converters based on the flux vector are capable of synchronizing with the grid, responding against frequency disturbances like phase jumps or faults in the grid and operating in islanded mode. In addition, the innovative method used to limit the active and reactive current has also been tested, comparing its performance with that of a conventional GFM scheme, showing an improvement in the response stability.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10830506/Grid-formingflux vectorcurrent limiternational grid ESO |
| spellingShingle | Juan Dolado Fernandez Eduardo Rausell Navarro Jose Luis Rodriguez Amenedo Joaquin Eloy-Garcia Santiago Arnaltes Gomez Operation of a Grid-Forming Converter Controlled by the Flux Vector IEEE Access Grid-forming flux vector current limiter national grid ESO |
| title | Operation of a Grid-Forming Converter Controlled by the Flux Vector |
| title_full | Operation of a Grid-Forming Converter Controlled by the Flux Vector |
| title_fullStr | Operation of a Grid-Forming Converter Controlled by the Flux Vector |
| title_full_unstemmed | Operation of a Grid-Forming Converter Controlled by the Flux Vector |
| title_short | Operation of a Grid-Forming Converter Controlled by the Flux Vector |
| title_sort | operation of a grid forming converter controlled by the flux vector |
| topic | Grid-forming flux vector current limiter national grid ESO |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10830506/ |
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