Impact of Capping Agent Incorporation on pH Stability of Silver Diamine Fluoride: An in Vitro Analysis

Objective: To determine the chemical stability by evaluating time-dependent pH changes in 38% silver diamine fluoride with or without incorporating different concentrations of tannic acid and glutathione as capping agents. Study Design: Experimental, in vitro study. Place and Duration of Study: The...

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Main Authors: Mehmood Asghar, Ros Anita Omar, Adrian UJin Yap, Nida Zehra Bano, Rosiyah Yahya, Ahmad Danial Azzahari
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: National University of Medical Sciences 2025-04-01
Series:Life and Science
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Online Access:https://lifenscience.org/index.php/life-and-science/article/view/901
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author Mehmood Asghar
Ros Anita Omar
Adrian UJin Yap
Nida Zehra Bano
Rosiyah Yahya
Ahmad Danial Azzahari
author_facet Mehmood Asghar
Ros Anita Omar
Adrian UJin Yap
Nida Zehra Bano
Rosiyah Yahya
Ahmad Danial Azzahari
author_sort Mehmood Asghar
collection DOAJ
description Objective: To determine the chemical stability by evaluating time-dependent pH changes in 38% silver diamine fluoride with or without incorporating different concentrations of tannic acid and glutathione as capping agents. Study Design: Experimental, in vitro study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from January 2021 to April 2022. Methods: Tannic acid and Glutathione-modified silver diamine fluoride solutions were prepared by incorporating tannic acid or Glutathione at different concentrations (5,10,15% w/v) into silver diamine fluoride. pH changes in the solutions were measured at different time points: from 1 hour after the bottles were opened to day 90. Results: The pH of 38% silver diamine fluoride from baseline till day-90 ranged between 7.73±0.02 and 7.69±0.01. The incorporation of tannic acid and glutathione resulted in a significant increase in the pH of the silver diamine fluoride solution. In tannic acid-modified silver diamine fluoride, the highest 90-day pH was shown by silver diamine fluoride + 5% tannic acid (w/v) (9.00±0.01), while in the glutathione-modified silver diamine fluoride, silver diamine fluoride + 15% Glutathione (w/v) had the highest 90-day pH (9.80±0.02). Repeated measures analysis of variance showed a statistically significant difference between the groups' pH values. A pairwise comparison showed significant differences in the pH of all the possible pairs at all-time points (P<0.05), except the pairs silver diamine fluoride + 15% tannic acid (w/v) and silver diamine fluoride + 15% glutathione (w/v) after the 1st hour and day 1 (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Silver diamine fluoride and tannic acid/glutathione-modified silver diamine fluoride solutions remain stable for up to 90 days. Capping agent incorporation significantly increases the pH of silver diamine fluoride, thereby enhancing its long-term stability and shelf life.
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spelling doaj-art-79c11b49b5b54f71b8e2bb4b482070f42025-08-20T02:09:25ZengNational University of Medical SciencesLife and Science2521-04752708-29702025-04-0162080810.37185/LnS.1.1.901901Impact of Capping Agent Incorporation on pH Stability of Silver Diamine Fluoride: An in Vitro AnalysisMehmood Asghar0Ros Anita Omar1Adrian UJin Yap2Nida Zehra Bano3Rosiyah Yahya4Ahmad Danial Azzahari5Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, PakistanUniversity of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaNg Teng Fong General Hospital and Faculty of Dentistry, National University Health System, SingaporeArmy Medical College, Rawalpindi, PakistanUniversity of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaUniversity of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaObjective: To determine the chemical stability by evaluating time-dependent pH changes in 38% silver diamine fluoride with or without incorporating different concentrations of tannic acid and glutathione as capping agents. Study Design: Experimental, in vitro study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from January 2021 to April 2022. Methods: Tannic acid and Glutathione-modified silver diamine fluoride solutions were prepared by incorporating tannic acid or Glutathione at different concentrations (5,10,15% w/v) into silver diamine fluoride. pH changes in the solutions were measured at different time points: from 1 hour after the bottles were opened to day 90. Results: The pH of 38% silver diamine fluoride from baseline till day-90 ranged between 7.73±0.02 and 7.69±0.01. The incorporation of tannic acid and glutathione resulted in a significant increase in the pH of the silver diamine fluoride solution. In tannic acid-modified silver diamine fluoride, the highest 90-day pH was shown by silver diamine fluoride + 5% tannic acid (w/v) (9.00±0.01), while in the glutathione-modified silver diamine fluoride, silver diamine fluoride + 15% Glutathione (w/v) had the highest 90-day pH (9.80±0.02). Repeated measures analysis of variance showed a statistically significant difference between the groups' pH values. A pairwise comparison showed significant differences in the pH of all the possible pairs at all-time points (P<0.05), except the pairs silver diamine fluoride + 15% tannic acid (w/v) and silver diamine fluoride + 15% glutathione (w/v) after the 1st hour and day 1 (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Silver diamine fluoride and tannic acid/glutathione-modified silver diamine fluoride solutions remain stable for up to 90 days. Capping agent incorporation significantly increases the pH of silver diamine fluoride, thereby enhancing its long-term stability and shelf life.https://lifenscience.org/index.php/life-and-science/article/view/901phsilver diamine fluoridetooth remineralization
spellingShingle Mehmood Asghar
Ros Anita Omar
Adrian UJin Yap
Nida Zehra Bano
Rosiyah Yahya
Ahmad Danial Azzahari
Impact of Capping Agent Incorporation on pH Stability of Silver Diamine Fluoride: An in Vitro Analysis
Life and Science
ph
silver diamine fluoride
tooth remineralization
title Impact of Capping Agent Incorporation on pH Stability of Silver Diamine Fluoride: An in Vitro Analysis
title_full Impact of Capping Agent Incorporation on pH Stability of Silver Diamine Fluoride: An in Vitro Analysis
title_fullStr Impact of Capping Agent Incorporation on pH Stability of Silver Diamine Fluoride: An in Vitro Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Impact of Capping Agent Incorporation on pH Stability of Silver Diamine Fluoride: An in Vitro Analysis
title_short Impact of Capping Agent Incorporation on pH Stability of Silver Diamine Fluoride: An in Vitro Analysis
title_sort impact of capping agent incorporation on ph stability of silver diamine fluoride an in vitro analysis
topic ph
silver diamine fluoride
tooth remineralization
url https://lifenscience.org/index.php/life-and-science/article/view/901
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