Improving the Sensitivity of a Dark-Resonance Atomic Magnetometer

The combination of unmanned aerial vehicles and atomic magnetometers can be used for detection applications such as mineral resource exploration, environmental protection, and earthquake monitoring, as well as the detection of sunken ships and unexploded ordnance. A dark-resonance atomic magnetomete...

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Main Authors: Hao Zhai, Wei Li, Guangxiang Jin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/4/1229
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author Hao Zhai
Wei Li
Guangxiang Jin
author_facet Hao Zhai
Wei Li
Guangxiang Jin
author_sort Hao Zhai
collection DOAJ
description The combination of unmanned aerial vehicles and atomic magnetometers can be used for detection applications such as mineral resource exploration, environmental protection, and earthquake monitoring, as well as the detection of sunken ships and unexploded ordnance. A dark-resonance atomic magnetometer offers the significant advantages of a fully optical probe and omnidirectional measurement with no dead zones, making it an ideal choice for airborne applications on unmanned aerial vehicles. Enhancing the sensitivity of such atomic magnetometers is an essential task. In this study, we sought to enhance the sensitivity of a dark-state resonance atomic magnetometer. Initially, through theoretical analysis, we compared the excitation effects of coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance on the D<sub>1</sub> and D<sub>2</sub> transitions of <sup>133</sup>Cs thermal vapor. The results indicate that excitation via the D<sub>1</sub> line yields an increase in resonance contrast and a reduction in linewidth when compared with excitation through the D<sub>2</sub> line, aligning with theoretical predictions. Subsequently, considering the impact of various quantum system parameters on sensitivity, as well as their interdependent characteristics, two experimental setups were developed for empirical investigation. One setup focused on parameter optimization experiments, where we compared the linewidth and contrast of CPT resonances excited by both D<sub>1</sub> and D<sub>2</sub> transitions; this led to an optimization of atomic cell size, buffer gas pressure, and operating temperature, resulting in an ideal parameter range. The second setup was employed to validate these optimized parameters using a coupled dark-state atom magnetometer experiment, achieving approximately a 10-fold improvement in sensitivity.
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spelling doaj-art-79c0c7ecda154e2982307f5dde32f8382025-08-20T02:03:30ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-02-01254122910.3390/s25041229Improving the Sensitivity of a Dark-Resonance Atomic MagnetometerHao Zhai0Wei Li1Guangxiang Jin2School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaSchool of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaTianjin Quanmetry Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300110, ChinaThe combination of unmanned aerial vehicles and atomic magnetometers can be used for detection applications such as mineral resource exploration, environmental protection, and earthquake monitoring, as well as the detection of sunken ships and unexploded ordnance. A dark-resonance atomic magnetometer offers the significant advantages of a fully optical probe and omnidirectional measurement with no dead zones, making it an ideal choice for airborne applications on unmanned aerial vehicles. Enhancing the sensitivity of such atomic magnetometers is an essential task. In this study, we sought to enhance the sensitivity of a dark-state resonance atomic magnetometer. Initially, through theoretical analysis, we compared the excitation effects of coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance on the D<sub>1</sub> and D<sub>2</sub> transitions of <sup>133</sup>Cs thermal vapor. The results indicate that excitation via the D<sub>1</sub> line yields an increase in resonance contrast and a reduction in linewidth when compared with excitation through the D<sub>2</sub> line, aligning with theoretical predictions. Subsequently, considering the impact of various quantum system parameters on sensitivity, as well as their interdependent characteristics, two experimental setups were developed for empirical investigation. One setup focused on parameter optimization experiments, where we compared the linewidth and contrast of CPT resonances excited by both D<sub>1</sub> and D<sub>2</sub> transitions; this led to an optimization of atomic cell size, buffer gas pressure, and operating temperature, resulting in an ideal parameter range. The second setup was employed to validate these optimized parameters using a coupled dark-state atom magnetometer experiment, achieving approximately a 10-fold improvement in sensitivity.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/4/1229magnetic field measurements within the geomagnetic rangeexperimental studyparameter optimizationquantum systemsdark-resonance atomic magnetometers
spellingShingle Hao Zhai
Wei Li
Guangxiang Jin
Improving the Sensitivity of a Dark-Resonance Atomic Magnetometer
Sensors
magnetic field measurements within the geomagnetic range
experimental study
parameter optimization
quantum systems
dark-resonance atomic magnetometers
title Improving the Sensitivity of a Dark-Resonance Atomic Magnetometer
title_full Improving the Sensitivity of a Dark-Resonance Atomic Magnetometer
title_fullStr Improving the Sensitivity of a Dark-Resonance Atomic Magnetometer
title_full_unstemmed Improving the Sensitivity of a Dark-Resonance Atomic Magnetometer
title_short Improving the Sensitivity of a Dark-Resonance Atomic Magnetometer
title_sort improving the sensitivity of a dark resonance atomic magnetometer
topic magnetic field measurements within the geomagnetic range
experimental study
parameter optimization
quantum systems
dark-resonance atomic magnetometers
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/4/1229
work_keys_str_mv AT haozhai improvingthesensitivityofadarkresonanceatomicmagnetometer
AT weili improvingthesensitivityofadarkresonanceatomicmagnetometer
AT guangxiangjin improvingthesensitivityofadarkresonanceatomicmagnetometer