Study on the evolution law of acoustic emission time series characteristics of coal-rock assemblage under true triaxial conditions

IntroductionThis study aims to investigate the fractal characteristics of acoustic emission (AE) signals during coal-rock rupture and their predictive significance for impact dynamic hazards.MethodsTrue triaxial loading/unloading tests were conducted on five coal-rock composites with varying coal-th...

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Main Authors: Fuquan Gao, Chenyang Zhang, Lingchen Han, Yongxue Xia, Quanwu Gao, Yiqun Zhou, Dingyi Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Earth Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2025.1594518/full
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author Fuquan Gao
Chenyang Zhang
Chenyang Zhang
Lingchen Han
Yongxue Xia
Yongxue Xia
Quanwu Gao
Yiqun Zhou
Yiqun Zhou
Dingyi Li
Dingyi Li
author_facet Fuquan Gao
Chenyang Zhang
Chenyang Zhang
Lingchen Han
Yongxue Xia
Yongxue Xia
Quanwu Gao
Yiqun Zhou
Yiqun Zhou
Dingyi Li
Dingyi Li
author_sort Fuquan Gao
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionThis study aims to investigate the fractal characteristics of acoustic emission (AE) signals during coal-rock rupture and their predictive significance for impact dynamic hazards.MethodsTrue triaxial loading/unloading tests were conducted on five coal-rock composites with varying coal-thickness ratios using the TRW-3000 system, with AE signals analyzed to correlate stress evolution and temporal-spatial fractal features.ResultsKey findings reveal that: 1) AE parameters exhibit stress-dependent behavior, growing slowly initially, stabilizing during stress-holding, and surging exponentially before peak stress, with ∼90% of cumulative energy released pre-destabilization; 2) Ring counts follow an Λ-type trend against absolute energy, while coal-thickness proportion induces a mirror-image N-type pattern in AE parameters; 3) High-energy/high-ringcount AE events cluster spatiotemporally before failure, with clear time sequence precursors—short-duration ground sounds and consecutive rises in energy/frequency serve as critical early-warning indicators, whereas isolated signals lack hazard relevance.DiscussionThese fractal patterns and precursor thresholds enhance real-time monitoring and risk assessment frameworks, offering actionable strategies for mitigating coal-rock dynamic disasters in underground mining.
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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spelling doaj-art-79bfac905a7c46fd80b8d1eec40bffb12025-08-20T03:48:47ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Earth Science2296-64632025-05-011310.3389/feart.2025.15945181594518Study on the evolution law of acoustic emission time series characteristics of coal-rock assemblage under true triaxial conditionsFuquan Gao0Chenyang Zhang1Chenyang Zhang2Lingchen Han3Yongxue Xia4Yongxue Xia5Quanwu Gao6Yiqun Zhou7Yiqun Zhou8Dingyi Li9Dingyi Li10China Coal Northwest Energy and Chemical Group Co., Ltd., Ordos, ChinaCoal Mining Branch, China Coal Research Institute, Beijing, ChinaChina Coal Technology and Engineering Group (CCTEG) Coal Mining Research Institute, Beijing, ChinaChina Coal Northwest Energy and Chemical Group Co., Ltd., Ordos, ChinaCoal Mining Branch, China Coal Research Institute, Beijing, ChinaChina Coal Technology and Engineering Group (CCTEG) Coal Mining Research Institute, Beijing, ChinaChina Coal Northwest Energy and Chemical Group Co., Ltd., Ordos, ChinaCoal Mining Branch, China Coal Research Institute, Beijing, ChinaChina Coal Technology and Engineering Group (CCTEG) Coal Mining Research Institute, Beijing, ChinaCoal Mining Branch, China Coal Research Institute, Beijing, ChinaChina Coal Technology and Engineering Group (CCTEG) Coal Mining Research Institute, Beijing, ChinaIntroductionThis study aims to investigate the fractal characteristics of acoustic emission (AE) signals during coal-rock rupture and their predictive significance for impact dynamic hazards.MethodsTrue triaxial loading/unloading tests were conducted on five coal-rock composites with varying coal-thickness ratios using the TRW-3000 system, with AE signals analyzed to correlate stress evolution and temporal-spatial fractal features.ResultsKey findings reveal that: 1) AE parameters exhibit stress-dependent behavior, growing slowly initially, stabilizing during stress-holding, and surging exponentially before peak stress, with ∼90% of cumulative energy released pre-destabilization; 2) Ring counts follow an Λ-type trend against absolute energy, while coal-thickness proportion induces a mirror-image N-type pattern in AE parameters; 3) High-energy/high-ringcount AE events cluster spatiotemporally before failure, with clear time sequence precursors—short-duration ground sounds and consecutive rises in energy/frequency serve as critical early-warning indicators, whereas isolated signals lack hazard relevance.DiscussionThese fractal patterns and precursor thresholds enhance real-time monitoring and risk assessment frameworks, offering actionable strategies for mitigating coal-rock dynamic disasters in underground mining.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2025.1594518/fulltrue triaxial testacoustic emissioncoal-rock compositecoal rock rupturetemporal characteristicsrockburst
spellingShingle Fuquan Gao
Chenyang Zhang
Chenyang Zhang
Lingchen Han
Yongxue Xia
Yongxue Xia
Quanwu Gao
Yiqun Zhou
Yiqun Zhou
Dingyi Li
Dingyi Li
Study on the evolution law of acoustic emission time series characteristics of coal-rock assemblage under true triaxial conditions
Frontiers in Earth Science
true triaxial test
acoustic emission
coal-rock composite
coal rock rupture
temporal characteristics
rockburst
title Study on the evolution law of acoustic emission time series characteristics of coal-rock assemblage under true triaxial conditions
title_full Study on the evolution law of acoustic emission time series characteristics of coal-rock assemblage under true triaxial conditions
title_fullStr Study on the evolution law of acoustic emission time series characteristics of coal-rock assemblage under true triaxial conditions
title_full_unstemmed Study on the evolution law of acoustic emission time series characteristics of coal-rock assemblage under true triaxial conditions
title_short Study on the evolution law of acoustic emission time series characteristics of coal-rock assemblage under true triaxial conditions
title_sort study on the evolution law of acoustic emission time series characteristics of coal rock assemblage under true triaxial conditions
topic true triaxial test
acoustic emission
coal-rock composite
coal rock rupture
temporal characteristics
rockburst
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2025.1594518/full
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