T cell immune memory after covid-19 and vaccination

The T cell memory response is a crucial component of adaptive immunity responsible for limiting or preventing viral reinfection. T cell memory after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus or vaccination is broad, and spans multiple viral proteins and epitopes, about 20 in each individual. So far the T...

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Main Authors: Paul Klenerman, Lance Turtle, Alex Richter, Lulu Wang, Alex Nicols, Christopher JA Duncan, Susanna J Dunachie, Rebecca P Payne
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2023-10-01
Series:BMJ Medicine
Online Access:https://bmjmedicine.bmj.com/content/2/1/e000468.full
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author Paul Klenerman
Lance Turtle
Alex Richter
Lulu Wang
Alex Nicols
Christopher JA Duncan
Susanna J Dunachie
Rebecca P Payne
author_facet Paul Klenerman
Lance Turtle
Alex Richter
Lulu Wang
Alex Nicols
Christopher JA Duncan
Susanna J Dunachie
Rebecca P Payne
author_sort Paul Klenerman
collection DOAJ
description The T cell memory response is a crucial component of adaptive immunity responsible for limiting or preventing viral reinfection. T cell memory after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus or vaccination is broad, and spans multiple viral proteins and epitopes, about 20 in each individual. So far the T cell memory response is long lasting and provides a high level of cross reactivity and hence resistance to viral escape by variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, such as the omicron variant. All current vaccine regimens tested produce robust T cell memory responses, and heterologous regimens will probably enhance protective responses through increased breadth. T cell memory could have a major role in protecting against severe covid-19 disease through rapid viral clearance and early presentation of epitopes, and the presence of cross reactive T cells might enhance this protection. T cell memory is likely to provide ongoing protection against admission to hospital and death, and the development of a pan-coronovirus vaccine might future proof against new pandemic strains.
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spelling doaj-art-79b123abaa944be981306cb4e26027172025-08-20T03:09:47ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Medicine2754-04132023-10-012110.1136/bmjmed-2022-000468T cell immune memory after covid-19 and vaccinationPaul Klenerman0Lance Turtle1Alex Richter2Lulu Wang3Alex Nicols4Christopher JA Duncan5Susanna J Dunachie6Rebecca P Payne72University of Oxford, Oxford, UKTropical and Infectious Disease Unit, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UKInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UKTranslational and Clinical Research Institute, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UKTranslational and Clinical Research Institute, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UKTranslational and Clinical Research Institute, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UKNDM Centre For Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKTranslational and Clinical Research Institute, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UKThe T cell memory response is a crucial component of adaptive immunity responsible for limiting or preventing viral reinfection. T cell memory after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus or vaccination is broad, and spans multiple viral proteins and epitopes, about 20 in each individual. So far the T cell memory response is long lasting and provides a high level of cross reactivity and hence resistance to viral escape by variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, such as the omicron variant. All current vaccine regimens tested produce robust T cell memory responses, and heterologous regimens will probably enhance protective responses through increased breadth. T cell memory could have a major role in protecting against severe covid-19 disease through rapid viral clearance and early presentation of epitopes, and the presence of cross reactive T cells might enhance this protection. T cell memory is likely to provide ongoing protection against admission to hospital and death, and the development of a pan-coronovirus vaccine might future proof against new pandemic strains.https://bmjmedicine.bmj.com/content/2/1/e000468.full
spellingShingle Paul Klenerman
Lance Turtle
Alex Richter
Lulu Wang
Alex Nicols
Christopher JA Duncan
Susanna J Dunachie
Rebecca P Payne
T cell immune memory after covid-19 and vaccination
BMJ Medicine
title T cell immune memory after covid-19 and vaccination
title_full T cell immune memory after covid-19 and vaccination
title_fullStr T cell immune memory after covid-19 and vaccination
title_full_unstemmed T cell immune memory after covid-19 and vaccination
title_short T cell immune memory after covid-19 and vaccination
title_sort t cell immune memory after covid 19 and vaccination
url https://bmjmedicine.bmj.com/content/2/1/e000468.full
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