Systematic Bias in Ionizing Radiation Escape Fraction Measurements from Foreground Large-scale Structures

We investigate the relationship between the Ly α forest transmission in the intergalactic medium (IGM) and the environmental density of galaxies, focusing on its implications for the measurement of ionizing radiation escape fractions. Using a sample of 268 spectroscopically confirmed background gala...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Claudia M. Scarlata, Wanjia Hu, Matthew J. Hayes, S. Taamoli, Ali A. Khostovan, C. M. Casey, Andreas L. Faisst, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, Yu-Heng Lin, Mara Salvato, Marc Rafelski
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adcf9a
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Summary:We investigate the relationship between the Ly α forest transmission in the intergalactic medium (IGM) and the environmental density of galaxies, focusing on its implications for the measurement of ionizing radiation escape fractions. Using a sample of 268 spectroscopically confirmed background galaxies at 2.7 < z < 3.0 and a galaxy density map at z ≈ 2.5 within the COSMOS field, we measure the Ly α transmission photometrically, leveraging the multiwavelength data available from the COSMOS2020 catalog. Our results reveal a weak but statistically significant positive correlation between Ly α optical depth and galaxy density contrast, suggesting that overdense regions are enriched in neutral gas, which could bias escape fraction measurements. This emphasizes the need to account for the large-scale structure of the IGM in analyses of ionizing radiation escape fractions and highlights the advantages of a photometric approach for increasing the number of sampled lines of sight across large fields. The photometric redshifts provided by upcoming all-sky surveys, such as Euclid, will make it possible to account for this bias, which can also be minimized by using fields separated in the sky by many degrees.
ISSN:1538-4357