Fluorogenic Biosensing with Tunable Polydiacetylene Vesicles
Polydiacetylenes (PDAs) are conjugated polymers that are well known for their colorimetric transition from blue to red with the application of energetic stimulus. Sensing platforms based on polymerized diacetylene surfactant vesicles and other structures have been widely demonstrated for various col...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Biosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/1/27 |
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| author | John S. Miller Tanner J. Finney Ethan Ilagan Skye Frank Ye Chen-Izu Keishi Suga Tonya L. Kuhl |
| author_facet | John S. Miller Tanner J. Finney Ethan Ilagan Skye Frank Ye Chen-Izu Keishi Suga Tonya L. Kuhl |
| author_sort | John S. Miller |
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| description | Polydiacetylenes (PDAs) are conjugated polymers that are well known for their colorimetric transition from blue to red with the application of energetic stimulus. Sensing platforms based on polymerized diacetylene surfactant vesicles and other structures have been widely demonstrated for various colorimetric biosensing applications. Although less studied and utilized, the transition also results in a change from a non-fluorescent to a highly fluorescent state, making polydiacetylenes useful for both colorimetric and fluorogenic sensing applications. Here, we focus on the characterization and optimization of polydiacetylene vesicles to tune their sensitivity for fluorogenic sensing applications. Particularly, we look at how the structure of the diacetylene (DA) hydrocarbon tail and headgroup affect the self-assembled vesicle size and stability, polymerization kinetics, and the fluorogenic, blue to red phase transition. Longer DA acyl tails generally resulted in smaller and more stable vesicles. The polymerization kinetics and the blue to red transition were a function of both the DA acyl tail length and structure of the headgroup. Decreasing the acyl tail length generally led to vesicles that were more sensitive to energetic stimuli. Headgroup modifications had different effects depending on the structure of the headgroup. Ethanolamine headgroups resulted in vesicles with potentially increased stimuli responsivity. The lower energy stimulus to induce the chromatic transition was attributed to an increase in headgroup hydrogen bonding and polymer backbone strain. Boronic-acid headgroup functionalization led to vesicles that were generally unstable, only weakly polymerized, and unable to fully transform to the red phase due to strong polar, aromatic headgroup interactions. This work presents the design of PDA vesicles in the context of biosensing platforms and includes a discussion of the past, present, and future of PDA biosensing. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-799cbb79ff844c188469691ce7d8cc00 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-799cbb79ff844c188469691ce7d8cc002025-01-24T13:25:28ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742025-01-011512710.3390/bios15010027Fluorogenic Biosensing with Tunable Polydiacetylene VesiclesJohn S. Miller0Tanner J. Finney1Ethan Ilagan2Skye Frank3Ye Chen-Izu4Keishi Suga5Tonya L. Kuhl6Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Miyagi, JapanDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USAPolydiacetylenes (PDAs) are conjugated polymers that are well known for their colorimetric transition from blue to red with the application of energetic stimulus. Sensing platforms based on polymerized diacetylene surfactant vesicles and other structures have been widely demonstrated for various colorimetric biosensing applications. Although less studied and utilized, the transition also results in a change from a non-fluorescent to a highly fluorescent state, making polydiacetylenes useful for both colorimetric and fluorogenic sensing applications. Here, we focus on the characterization and optimization of polydiacetylene vesicles to tune their sensitivity for fluorogenic sensing applications. Particularly, we look at how the structure of the diacetylene (DA) hydrocarbon tail and headgroup affect the self-assembled vesicle size and stability, polymerization kinetics, and the fluorogenic, blue to red phase transition. Longer DA acyl tails generally resulted in smaller and more stable vesicles. The polymerization kinetics and the blue to red transition were a function of both the DA acyl tail length and structure of the headgroup. Decreasing the acyl tail length generally led to vesicles that were more sensitive to energetic stimuli. Headgroup modifications had different effects depending on the structure of the headgroup. Ethanolamine headgroups resulted in vesicles with potentially increased stimuli responsivity. The lower energy stimulus to induce the chromatic transition was attributed to an increase in headgroup hydrogen bonding and polymer backbone strain. Boronic-acid headgroup functionalization led to vesicles that were generally unstable, only weakly polymerized, and unable to fully transform to the red phase due to strong polar, aromatic headgroup interactions. This work presents the design of PDA vesicles in the context of biosensing platforms and includes a discussion of the past, present, and future of PDA biosensing.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/1/27biosensingpolydiacetylenevesiclesfluorescencespectroscopy |
| spellingShingle | John S. Miller Tanner J. Finney Ethan Ilagan Skye Frank Ye Chen-Izu Keishi Suga Tonya L. Kuhl Fluorogenic Biosensing with Tunable Polydiacetylene Vesicles Biosensors biosensing polydiacetylene vesicles fluorescence spectroscopy |
| title | Fluorogenic Biosensing with Tunable Polydiacetylene Vesicles |
| title_full | Fluorogenic Biosensing with Tunable Polydiacetylene Vesicles |
| title_fullStr | Fluorogenic Biosensing with Tunable Polydiacetylene Vesicles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fluorogenic Biosensing with Tunable Polydiacetylene Vesicles |
| title_short | Fluorogenic Biosensing with Tunable Polydiacetylene Vesicles |
| title_sort | fluorogenic biosensing with tunable polydiacetylene vesicles |
| topic | biosensing polydiacetylene vesicles fluorescence spectroscopy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/1/27 |
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