Oregano Young Plants Cultured at Low Temperature Reveal an Enhanced Healing Effect of Their Extracts: Anatomical, Physiological and Cytotoxicity Approach
Background: The germination and early development of <i>Origanum vulgare</i> L. subsp. <i>hirtum</i> (Link) Ietswaart (Greek oregano) were studied to assess the plant’s response to different temperatures. Methods: After germination, seedlings were cultivated in control (25 °C...
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2025-02-01
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| author | Aikaterina L. Stefi Maria Chalkiadaki Katerina Dimitriou Konstantina Mitsigiorgi Dimitrios Gkikas Danae Papageorgiou Georgia C. Ntroumpogianni Dido Vassilacopoulou Maria Halabalaki Nikolaos S. Christodoulakis |
| author_facet | Aikaterina L. Stefi Maria Chalkiadaki Katerina Dimitriou Konstantina Mitsigiorgi Dimitrios Gkikas Danae Papageorgiou Georgia C. Ntroumpogianni Dido Vassilacopoulou Maria Halabalaki Nikolaos S. Christodoulakis |
| author_sort | Aikaterina L. Stefi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The germination and early development of <i>Origanum vulgare</i> L. subsp. <i>hirtum</i> (Link) Ietswaart (Greek oregano) were studied to assess the plant’s response to different temperatures. Methods: After germination, seedlings were cultivated in control (25 °C) and cold (15 °C) chambers with standard growth parameters. Comparative analyses of plant morphology and leaf anatomy were conducted to identify structural modifications induced by different temperatures. Physiological evaluations, including photosynthetic pigment measurements, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity, were performed to assess differences between the plants grown under the two temperature conditions. Methanolic extracts from the leaves were tested for cytotoxicity on MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, as well as on nine microbial strains. Additionally, biomarkers from the leaves affected by temperature changes were determined using LC-HRMS/MS analysis. Results: Comparative analyses revealed distinct structural and physiological modifications under cold conditions. The methanolic extracts from plants grown at 15 °C exhibited notably higher cytotoxic activity in both cell lines but demonstrated no activity against microbial strains. The results highlight the influence of low temperature on enhancing the bioactive properties of Greek oregano. Conclusions: The findings provide valuable insights into the environmental adaptability of oregano, demonstrating the impact of low temperature on its bioactive properties. The therapeutic potential of methanolic extracts cultured at 15 °C is imprinted in cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y and MCF-7 cells and the absence of any activity against microbial strains. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-79876324ddf84ebaa4af9f8b20869b06 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj-art-79876324ddf84ebaa4af9f8b20869b062025-08-20T03:12:05ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892025-02-0115210310.3390/metabo15020103Oregano Young Plants Cultured at Low Temperature Reveal an Enhanced Healing Effect of Their Extracts: Anatomical, Physiological and Cytotoxicity ApproachAikaterina L. Stefi0Maria Chalkiadaki1Katerina Dimitriou2Konstantina Mitsigiorgi3Dimitrios Gkikas4Danae Papageorgiou5Georgia C. Ntroumpogianni6Dido Vassilacopoulou7Maria Halabalaki8Nikolaos S. Christodoulakis9Section of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, GreeceDivision of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, GreeceSection of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, GreeceSection of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, GreeceSection of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, GreeceSection of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, GreeceSection of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, GreeceSection of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, GreeceDivision of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, GreeceSection of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, GreeceBackground: The germination and early development of <i>Origanum vulgare</i> L. subsp. <i>hirtum</i> (Link) Ietswaart (Greek oregano) were studied to assess the plant’s response to different temperatures. Methods: After germination, seedlings were cultivated in control (25 °C) and cold (15 °C) chambers with standard growth parameters. Comparative analyses of plant morphology and leaf anatomy were conducted to identify structural modifications induced by different temperatures. Physiological evaluations, including photosynthetic pigment measurements, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity, were performed to assess differences between the plants grown under the two temperature conditions. Methanolic extracts from the leaves were tested for cytotoxicity on MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, as well as on nine microbial strains. Additionally, biomarkers from the leaves affected by temperature changes were determined using LC-HRMS/MS analysis. Results: Comparative analyses revealed distinct structural and physiological modifications under cold conditions. The methanolic extracts from plants grown at 15 °C exhibited notably higher cytotoxic activity in both cell lines but demonstrated no activity against microbial strains. The results highlight the influence of low temperature on enhancing the bioactive properties of Greek oregano. Conclusions: The findings provide valuable insights into the environmental adaptability of oregano, demonstrating the impact of low temperature on its bioactive properties. The therapeutic potential of methanolic extracts cultured at 15 °C is imprinted in cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y and MCF-7 cells and the absence of any activity against microbial strains.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/15/2/103<i>Origanum vulgare</i> L. subsp. <i>hirtum </i>(Link) Ietswaartchillingleaf methanolic extractsoxidative stressSH-SY5Y cellsMCF-7 cells |
| spellingShingle | Aikaterina L. Stefi Maria Chalkiadaki Katerina Dimitriou Konstantina Mitsigiorgi Dimitrios Gkikas Danae Papageorgiou Georgia C. Ntroumpogianni Dido Vassilacopoulou Maria Halabalaki Nikolaos S. Christodoulakis Oregano Young Plants Cultured at Low Temperature Reveal an Enhanced Healing Effect of Their Extracts: Anatomical, Physiological and Cytotoxicity Approach Metabolites <i>Origanum vulgare</i> L. subsp. <i>hirtum </i>(Link) Ietswaart chilling leaf methanolic extracts oxidative stress SH-SY5Y cells MCF-7 cells |
| title | Oregano Young Plants Cultured at Low Temperature Reveal an Enhanced Healing Effect of Their Extracts: Anatomical, Physiological and Cytotoxicity Approach |
| title_full | Oregano Young Plants Cultured at Low Temperature Reveal an Enhanced Healing Effect of Their Extracts: Anatomical, Physiological and Cytotoxicity Approach |
| title_fullStr | Oregano Young Plants Cultured at Low Temperature Reveal an Enhanced Healing Effect of Their Extracts: Anatomical, Physiological and Cytotoxicity Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oregano Young Plants Cultured at Low Temperature Reveal an Enhanced Healing Effect of Their Extracts: Anatomical, Physiological and Cytotoxicity Approach |
| title_short | Oregano Young Plants Cultured at Low Temperature Reveal an Enhanced Healing Effect of Their Extracts: Anatomical, Physiological and Cytotoxicity Approach |
| title_sort | oregano young plants cultured at low temperature reveal an enhanced healing effect of their extracts anatomical physiological and cytotoxicity approach |
| topic | <i>Origanum vulgare</i> L. subsp. <i>hirtum </i>(Link) Ietswaart chilling leaf methanolic extracts oxidative stress SH-SY5Y cells MCF-7 cells |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/15/2/103 |
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