Serum expression of ESM-1 and Syndecan-1 and its relationship with disease severity in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

Abstract Background This study aim to investigate the role of endothelial damage in the pathogenesis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) by comparing serum levels of endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM-1) and Syndecan-1 in patients with varying degrees of MPP severity. Additionally, we ai...

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Main Authors: Yanjuan Yu, Yanyan Su, Xiuhong Jin, Xiangfeng Zhang, Yeran Yang, Yuelin Shen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:Italian Journal of Pediatrics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-025-02105-5
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author Yanjuan Yu
Yanyan Su
Xiuhong Jin
Xiangfeng Zhang
Yeran Yang
Yuelin Shen
author_facet Yanjuan Yu
Yanyan Su
Xiuhong Jin
Xiangfeng Zhang
Yeran Yang
Yuelin Shen
author_sort Yanjuan Yu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background This study aim to investigate the role of endothelial damage in the pathogenesis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) by comparing serum levels of endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM-1) and Syndecan-1 in patients with varying degrees of MPP severity. Additionally, we aim to explore the relationship between the production of ESM-1 and Syndecan-1 and the severity of MPP, inflammation, as well as hypercoagulative state in children. Methods A prospective, observational study that included clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and serum ESM-1 and Syndecan-1 assays. The correlation between ESM-1 and Syndecan-1 levels with inflammatory markers and coagulation markers was analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify significant risk factors for Severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP). Results A total of 179 children with MPP and 40 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Serum ESM-1 and Syndecan-1 levels were significantly elevated in children with MPP compared to the healthy children (all P < 0.05). A multivariate analysis revealed that ESM-1, Syndecan-1, D-dimer and LDH were the significant predictors of SMPP, with odds ratios of 1.034, 1.002, 5.042 and 1.014, respectively. The optimal cutoff values of ESM-1, Syndecan-1, D-dimer and LDH for predicting SMPP were 79.67 ng/mL, 3219.35 pg/mL, 0.67 µg/mL and 365.00 U/L, respectively. Conclusions ESM-1, Syndecan-1, D-dimer, and LDH can serve as independent predictors for SMPP. The interaction between endothelial damage, excessive inflammatory response, and hypercoagulable state collectively contributes to the development and progression of SMPP.
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spelling doaj-art-7984deafac8f42edbb71942f4ea0a50c2025-08-20T03:46:28ZengBMCItalian Journal of Pediatrics1824-72882025-08-015111910.1186/s13052-025-02105-5Serum expression of ESM-1 and Syndecan-1 and its relationship with disease severity in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumoniaYanjuan Yu0Yanyan Su1Xiuhong Jin2Xiangfeng Zhang3Yeran Yang4Yuelin Shen5Respiratory Department, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s HospitalRespiratory Department, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s HospitalRespiratory Department, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s HospitalRespiratory Department, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s HospitalBeijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s HealthRespiratory Department II, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s HealthAbstract Background This study aim to investigate the role of endothelial damage in the pathogenesis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) by comparing serum levels of endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM-1) and Syndecan-1 in patients with varying degrees of MPP severity. Additionally, we aim to explore the relationship between the production of ESM-1 and Syndecan-1 and the severity of MPP, inflammation, as well as hypercoagulative state in children. Methods A prospective, observational study that included clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and serum ESM-1 and Syndecan-1 assays. The correlation between ESM-1 and Syndecan-1 levels with inflammatory markers and coagulation markers was analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify significant risk factors for Severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP). Results A total of 179 children with MPP and 40 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Serum ESM-1 and Syndecan-1 levels were significantly elevated in children with MPP compared to the healthy children (all P < 0.05). A multivariate analysis revealed that ESM-1, Syndecan-1, D-dimer and LDH were the significant predictors of SMPP, with odds ratios of 1.034, 1.002, 5.042 and 1.014, respectively. The optimal cutoff values of ESM-1, Syndecan-1, D-dimer and LDH for predicting SMPP were 79.67 ng/mL, 3219.35 pg/mL, 0.67 µg/mL and 365.00 U/L, respectively. Conclusions ESM-1, Syndecan-1, D-dimer, and LDH can serve as independent predictors for SMPP. The interaction between endothelial damage, excessive inflammatory response, and hypercoagulable state collectively contributes to the development and progression of SMPP.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-025-02105-5ESM-1Syndecan-1Endothelial damageSevere Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumoniaIndependent predictors
spellingShingle Yanjuan Yu
Yanyan Su
Xiuhong Jin
Xiangfeng Zhang
Yeran Yang
Yuelin Shen
Serum expression of ESM-1 and Syndecan-1 and its relationship with disease severity in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
Italian Journal of Pediatrics
ESM-1
Syndecan-1
Endothelial damage
Severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
Independent predictors
title Serum expression of ESM-1 and Syndecan-1 and its relationship with disease severity in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
title_full Serum expression of ESM-1 and Syndecan-1 and its relationship with disease severity in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
title_fullStr Serum expression of ESM-1 and Syndecan-1 and its relationship with disease severity in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
title_full_unstemmed Serum expression of ESM-1 and Syndecan-1 and its relationship with disease severity in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
title_short Serum expression of ESM-1 and Syndecan-1 and its relationship with disease severity in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
title_sort serum expression of esm 1 and syndecan 1 and its relationship with disease severity in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
topic ESM-1
Syndecan-1
Endothelial damage
Severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
Independent predictors
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-025-02105-5
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