Pathogenicity and virulence of Helicobacter pylori: A paradigm of chronic infection

Infection with Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common infections of mankind. Infection typically occurs in childhood and persists for the lifetime of the host unless eradicated with antimicrobials. The organism colonizes the stomach and causes gastritis. Most infected individuals are asymptom...

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Main Authors: Marguerite Clyne, Tadhg Ó Cróinín
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Virulence
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2024.2438735
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author Marguerite Clyne
Tadhg Ó Cróinín
author_facet Marguerite Clyne
Tadhg Ó Cróinín
author_sort Marguerite Clyne
collection DOAJ
description Infection with Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common infections of mankind. Infection typically occurs in childhood and persists for the lifetime of the host unless eradicated with antimicrobials. The organism colonizes the stomach and causes gastritis. Most infected individuals are asymptomatic, but infection also causes gastric and duodenal ulceration, and gastric cancer. H. pylori possesses an arsenal of virulence factors, including a potent urease enzyme for protection from acid, flagella that mediate motility, an abundance of outer membrane proteins that can mediate attachment, several immunomodulatory proteins, and an ability to adapt to specific conditions in individual human stomachs. The presence of a type 4 secretion system that injects effector molecules into gastric cells and subverts host cell signalling is associated with virulence. In this review we discuss the interplay of H. pylori colonization and virulence factors with host and environmental factors to determine disease outcome in infected individuals.
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publishDate 2025-12-01
publisher Taylor & Francis Group
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series Virulence
spelling doaj-art-7983a9617514417cb47c1decdac8aef02024-12-27T04:16:40ZengTaylor & Francis GroupVirulence2150-55942150-56082025-12-0116110.1080/21505594.2024.2438735Pathogenicity and virulence of Helicobacter pylori: A paradigm of chronic infectionMarguerite Clyne0Tadhg Ó Cróinín1School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, IrelandThe Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, IrelandInfection with Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common infections of mankind. Infection typically occurs in childhood and persists for the lifetime of the host unless eradicated with antimicrobials. The organism colonizes the stomach and causes gastritis. Most infected individuals are asymptomatic, but infection also causes gastric and duodenal ulceration, and gastric cancer. H. pylori possesses an arsenal of virulence factors, including a potent urease enzyme for protection from acid, flagella that mediate motility, an abundance of outer membrane proteins that can mediate attachment, several immunomodulatory proteins, and an ability to adapt to specific conditions in individual human stomachs. The presence of a type 4 secretion system that injects effector molecules into gastric cells and subverts host cell signalling is associated with virulence. In this review we discuss the interplay of H. pylori colonization and virulence factors with host and environmental factors to determine disease outcome in infected individuals.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2024.2438735Helicobacter pylorivirulencegastritisduodenal ulcergastric cancerepidemiology
spellingShingle Marguerite Clyne
Tadhg Ó Cróinín
Pathogenicity and virulence of Helicobacter pylori: A paradigm of chronic infection
Virulence
Helicobacter pylori
virulence
gastritis
duodenal ulcer
gastric cancer
epidemiology
title Pathogenicity and virulence of Helicobacter pylori: A paradigm of chronic infection
title_full Pathogenicity and virulence of Helicobacter pylori: A paradigm of chronic infection
title_fullStr Pathogenicity and virulence of Helicobacter pylori: A paradigm of chronic infection
title_full_unstemmed Pathogenicity and virulence of Helicobacter pylori: A paradigm of chronic infection
title_short Pathogenicity and virulence of Helicobacter pylori: A paradigm of chronic infection
title_sort pathogenicity and virulence of helicobacter pylori a paradigm of chronic infection
topic Helicobacter pylori
virulence
gastritis
duodenal ulcer
gastric cancer
epidemiology
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2024.2438735
work_keys_str_mv AT margueriteclyne pathogenicityandvirulenceofhelicobacterpyloriaparadigmofchronicinfection
AT tadhgocroinin pathogenicityandvirulenceofhelicobacterpyloriaparadigmofchronicinfection