Association between phthalates exposure and urine flow rate

Abstract This study aimed to examine the association between phthalate exposure and urine flow rate (UFR). Data from 6951 adult participants across five consecutive NHANES cycles (2009–2018) were analyzed. High-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was us...

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Main Authors: Shuai Zhang, Hanhan Tang, Minglian Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09080-1
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author Shuai Zhang
Hanhan Tang
Minglian Zhou
author_facet Shuai Zhang
Hanhan Tang
Minglian Zhou
author_sort Shuai Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study aimed to examine the association between phthalate exposure and urine flow rate (UFR). Data from 6951 adult participants across five consecutive NHANES cycles (2009–2018) were analyzed. High-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure urinary concentrations of 10 highly detectable phthalate metabolites (PMs). Associations between PMs and UFR were investigated using various analytical approaches, including weighted linear regression, weighted quantile sum regression (WQS), quantile g-computation (qgcomp), restricted cubic spline (RCS), and Bayesian kernel-machine regression (BKMR) models. Each quartile increase in the WQS index for PM mixtures was associated with a − 0.042 lower ln-transformed UFR (95% CI − 0.07, − 0.014). The qgcomp regression model yielded consistent results. In BKMR analysis, PM mixtures showed a significant negative association with ln-transformed UFR, with mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate (MECPP) and mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) identified as potential key contributors. In addition, the RCS results showed an inverted s-type nonlinear relationship between MECPP and MBzP, and UFR. Exposure to phthalates is associated with lower UFR.
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spelling doaj-art-797fa744bc954db6981932d9808e201f2025-08-20T03:46:04ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-09080-1Association between phthalates exposure and urine flow rateShuai Zhang0Hanhan Tang1Minglian Zhou2Department of Male Reproductive Health, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health HospitalDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Xuzhou Central HospitalDepartment of Male Reproductive Health, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health HospitalAbstract This study aimed to examine the association between phthalate exposure and urine flow rate (UFR). Data from 6951 adult participants across five consecutive NHANES cycles (2009–2018) were analyzed. High-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure urinary concentrations of 10 highly detectable phthalate metabolites (PMs). Associations between PMs and UFR were investigated using various analytical approaches, including weighted linear regression, weighted quantile sum regression (WQS), quantile g-computation (qgcomp), restricted cubic spline (RCS), and Bayesian kernel-machine regression (BKMR) models. Each quartile increase in the WQS index for PM mixtures was associated with a − 0.042 lower ln-transformed UFR (95% CI − 0.07, − 0.014). The qgcomp regression model yielded consistent results. In BKMR analysis, PM mixtures showed a significant negative association with ln-transformed UFR, with mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate (MECPP) and mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) identified as potential key contributors. In addition, the RCS results showed an inverted s-type nonlinear relationship between MECPP and MBzP, and UFR. Exposure to phthalates is associated with lower UFR.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09080-1PhthalatesUrine flow rateMixture analysisNHANES
spellingShingle Shuai Zhang
Hanhan Tang
Minglian Zhou
Association between phthalates exposure and urine flow rate
Scientific Reports
Phthalates
Urine flow rate
Mixture analysis
NHANES
title Association between phthalates exposure and urine flow rate
title_full Association between phthalates exposure and urine flow rate
title_fullStr Association between phthalates exposure and urine flow rate
title_full_unstemmed Association between phthalates exposure and urine flow rate
title_short Association between phthalates exposure and urine flow rate
title_sort association between phthalates exposure and urine flow rate
topic Phthalates
Urine flow rate
Mixture analysis
NHANES
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09080-1
work_keys_str_mv AT shuaizhang associationbetweenphthalatesexposureandurineflowrate
AT hanhantang associationbetweenphthalatesexposureandurineflowrate
AT minglianzhou associationbetweenphthalatesexposureandurineflowrate