Emissions of Perfluorinated Greenhouse Gases in Southeastern China Derived From High‐Frequency In Situ Observations

Abstract Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), nitrogen trifluoride (NF3), and three perfluorocarbons (PFCs; CF4, C2F6, and c‐C4F8) are perfluorinated greenhouse gases (PF‐GHGs) with long atmospheric lifetimes and high global warming potentials. Using high‐frequency observations and a Bayesian inversion framew...

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Main Authors: Yuyang Chen, Bo Yao, Minde An, Ao Ding, Song Liu, Xicheng Li, Yali Li, Simon O’Doherty, Paul B. Krummel, Honglong Yang, Haibo Yu, Liqu Chen, Xin Yang, Tzung‐May Fu, Huizhong Shen, Jianhuai Ye, Chen Wang, Lei Zhu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL111393
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author Yuyang Chen
Bo Yao
Minde An
Ao Ding
Song Liu
Xicheng Li
Yali Li
Simon O’Doherty
Paul B. Krummel
Honglong Yang
Haibo Yu
Liqu Chen
Xin Yang
Tzung‐May Fu
Huizhong Shen
Jianhuai Ye
Chen Wang
Lei Zhu
author_facet Yuyang Chen
Bo Yao
Minde An
Ao Ding
Song Liu
Xicheng Li
Yali Li
Simon O’Doherty
Paul B. Krummel
Honglong Yang
Haibo Yu
Liqu Chen
Xin Yang
Tzung‐May Fu
Huizhong Shen
Jianhuai Ye
Chen Wang
Lei Zhu
author_sort Yuyang Chen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), nitrogen trifluoride (NF3), and three perfluorocarbons (PFCs; CF4, C2F6, and c‐C4F8) are perfluorinated greenhouse gases (PF‐GHGs) with long atmospheric lifetimes and high global warming potentials. Using high‐frequency observations and a Bayesian inversion framework, we assess 2021–2023 PF‐GHG emissions in southeastern China, a rapidly industrializing region. Total PF‐GHG emissions rise from 69.50 (55.16–84.97) in 2021 to 96.19 (69.53–127.14) Mt CO2‐eq yr−1 in 2023, accounting for 21.74% of global total PF‐GHG emissions in 2023. NF3 emissions nearly double, reaching 0.94 (0.69–1.25) Gg yr−1, with an annual growth rate of 40.38%, likely driven by semiconductor industry expansion. SF6 (51.75%) and NF3 (30.86%) dominate 3‐year PF‐GHG growth. c‐C4F8 shows strong seasonality, with a potential winter increase linked to HCFC‐22 feedstock use. Seasonal SF6 peaks align with winter electricity demand, while C2F6 variations suggest potential links with semiconductor industry.
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institution OA Journals
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publishDate 2025-03-01
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series Geophysical Research Letters
spelling doaj-art-79720a74775d4bc8ad0d00c35a4d4c832025-08-20T02:11:21ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072025-03-01526n/an/a10.1029/2024GL111393Emissions of Perfluorinated Greenhouse Gases in Southeastern China Derived From High‐Frequency In Situ ObservationsYuyang Chen0Bo Yao1Minde An2Ao Ding3Song Liu4Xicheng Li5Yali Li6Simon O’Doherty7Paul B. Krummel8Honglong Yang9Haibo Yu10Liqu Chen11Xin Yang12Tzung‐May Fu13Huizhong Shen14Jianhuai Ye15Chen Wang16Lei Zhu17School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen ChinaDepartment of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan University Shanghai ChinaCenter for Sustainability Science and Strategy Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USASchool of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen ChinaSchool of Chemistry University of Bristol Bristol UKCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation – Environment Aspendale VIC AustraliaShenzhen National Climate Observatory Meteorological Bureau of Shenzhen Municipality Shenzhen ChinaBeijing Huanaco Innovation Co., Ltd. Beijing ChinaBeijing Huanaco Innovation Co., Ltd. Beijing ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen ChinaAbstract Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), nitrogen trifluoride (NF3), and three perfluorocarbons (PFCs; CF4, C2F6, and c‐C4F8) are perfluorinated greenhouse gases (PF‐GHGs) with long atmospheric lifetimes and high global warming potentials. Using high‐frequency observations and a Bayesian inversion framework, we assess 2021–2023 PF‐GHG emissions in southeastern China, a rapidly industrializing region. Total PF‐GHG emissions rise from 69.50 (55.16–84.97) in 2021 to 96.19 (69.53–127.14) Mt CO2‐eq yr−1 in 2023, accounting for 21.74% of global total PF‐GHG emissions in 2023. NF3 emissions nearly double, reaching 0.94 (0.69–1.25) Gg yr−1, with an annual growth rate of 40.38%, likely driven by semiconductor industry expansion. SF6 (51.75%) and NF3 (30.86%) dominate 3‐year PF‐GHG growth. c‐C4F8 shows strong seasonality, with a potential winter increase linked to HCFC‐22 feedstock use. Seasonal SF6 peaks align with winter electricity demand, while C2F6 variations suggest potential links with semiconductor industry.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL111393fluorinated greenhouse gasesglobal warmingMontreal protocolemissionChinainverse modeling
spellingShingle Yuyang Chen
Bo Yao
Minde An
Ao Ding
Song Liu
Xicheng Li
Yali Li
Simon O’Doherty
Paul B. Krummel
Honglong Yang
Haibo Yu
Liqu Chen
Xin Yang
Tzung‐May Fu
Huizhong Shen
Jianhuai Ye
Chen Wang
Lei Zhu
Emissions of Perfluorinated Greenhouse Gases in Southeastern China Derived From High‐Frequency In Situ Observations
Geophysical Research Letters
fluorinated greenhouse gases
global warming
Montreal protocol
emission
China
inverse modeling
title Emissions of Perfluorinated Greenhouse Gases in Southeastern China Derived From High‐Frequency In Situ Observations
title_full Emissions of Perfluorinated Greenhouse Gases in Southeastern China Derived From High‐Frequency In Situ Observations
title_fullStr Emissions of Perfluorinated Greenhouse Gases in Southeastern China Derived From High‐Frequency In Situ Observations
title_full_unstemmed Emissions of Perfluorinated Greenhouse Gases in Southeastern China Derived From High‐Frequency In Situ Observations
title_short Emissions of Perfluorinated Greenhouse Gases in Southeastern China Derived From High‐Frequency In Situ Observations
title_sort emissions of perfluorinated greenhouse gases in southeastern china derived from high frequency in situ observations
topic fluorinated greenhouse gases
global warming
Montreal protocol
emission
China
inverse modeling
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL111393
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