Epidemiology of Sandfly-Borne Phleboviruses in North Africa: An Overview
Eight sandfly-borne phleboviruses were found to circulate in North Africa. Phleboviruses detected in sandflies were Toscana (TOSV), Sandfly Fever Sicilian (SFSV), Sandfly Fever Naples (SFNV), Cyprus (CYPV), Punique (PUNV), Utique, Saddaguia, and Medjerda Valley (MVV) viruses, yielding an overall inf...
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2024-10-01
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| author | Sabrina Sellali Ismail Lafri Rafik Garni Hemza Manseur Mohamed Besbaci Mohamed Lafri Idir Bitam |
| author_facet | Sabrina Sellali Ismail Lafri Rafik Garni Hemza Manseur Mohamed Besbaci Mohamed Lafri Idir Bitam |
| author_sort | Sabrina Sellali |
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| description | Eight sandfly-borne phleboviruses were found to circulate in North Africa. Phleboviruses detected in sandflies were Toscana (TOSV), Sandfly Fever Sicilian (SFSV), Sandfly Fever Naples (SFNV), Cyprus (CYPV), Punique (PUNV), Utique, Saddaguia, and Medjerda Valley (MVV) viruses, yielding an overall infection rate of 0.02–0.6%. <i>Phlebotomus perniciosus</i> and <i>Phlebotomus longicuspis</i> were the most common vector species in the region. TOSV seroprevalence in dogs from Algeria (4.56%) and Tunisia (7.5%) was low and close, unlike SFSV (38.1%) and PUNV (43.5%), which were restricted to Tunisia. SFSV (1.3–21%) and TOSV (3.8–50%) were the most prevalent among humans. TOSV was frequently detected and symptomatically confirmed in both Algeria (3.8%) and Tunisia (12.86%). Other sandfly-borne phleboviruses have also been detected but less importantly, such as SFNV in Morocco (2.9%) and Tunisia (1.1%) and PUNV (8.72%), CYPV (2.9%), and MVV (1.35%) in Tunisia. Their distribution was mainly northern. Overall, 15.9% of the healthy population were seropositive for sandfly-borne phleboviruses, with evidenced cocirculation. Noticeably, studies conducted in Morocco were mostly interested in TOSV in sandflies. Available data from Libya and Egypt were scant or historical. Further elaboration is required to check the sporadic detection of less-prevalent phleboviruses and fully elucidate the epidemiological situation. |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj-art-7971236211de4ae5b30fc3bae3b53be52025-08-20T01:53:57ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502024-10-01151184610.3390/insects15110846Epidemiology of Sandfly-Borne Phleboviruses in North Africa: An OverviewSabrina Sellali0Ismail Lafri1Rafik Garni2Hemza Manseur3Mohamed Besbaci4Mohamed Lafri5Idir Bitam6Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Blida 1, Blida 09000, AlgeriaDepartment of Microbiology and Veterinary Pathology, Institut Pasteur of Algeria, Algiers 16000, AlgeriaDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Institut Pasteur of Algeria, Algiers 16000, AlgeriaInstitute of Veterinary Sciences, University Blida 1, Blida 09000, AlgeriaInstitute of Veterinary Sciences, University Blida 1, Blida 09000, AlgeriaInstitute of Veterinary Sciences, University Blida 1, Blida 09000, AlgeriaCenter of Research in Agro-Pastoralism, Djelfa 17000, AlgeriaEight sandfly-borne phleboviruses were found to circulate in North Africa. Phleboviruses detected in sandflies were Toscana (TOSV), Sandfly Fever Sicilian (SFSV), Sandfly Fever Naples (SFNV), Cyprus (CYPV), Punique (PUNV), Utique, Saddaguia, and Medjerda Valley (MVV) viruses, yielding an overall infection rate of 0.02–0.6%. <i>Phlebotomus perniciosus</i> and <i>Phlebotomus longicuspis</i> were the most common vector species in the region. TOSV seroprevalence in dogs from Algeria (4.56%) and Tunisia (7.5%) was low and close, unlike SFSV (38.1%) and PUNV (43.5%), which were restricted to Tunisia. SFSV (1.3–21%) and TOSV (3.8–50%) were the most prevalent among humans. TOSV was frequently detected and symptomatically confirmed in both Algeria (3.8%) and Tunisia (12.86%). Other sandfly-borne phleboviruses have also been detected but less importantly, such as SFNV in Morocco (2.9%) and Tunisia (1.1%) and PUNV (8.72%), CYPV (2.9%), and MVV (1.35%) in Tunisia. Their distribution was mainly northern. Overall, 15.9% of the healthy population were seropositive for sandfly-borne phleboviruses, with evidenced cocirculation. Noticeably, studies conducted in Morocco were mostly interested in TOSV in sandflies. Available data from Libya and Egypt were scant or historical. Further elaboration is required to check the sporadic detection of less-prevalent phleboviruses and fully elucidate the epidemiological situation.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/11/846phlebovirusToscana virusSicilian virusmeningoencephalitis<i>Phlebotomus</i> feverMorocco |
| spellingShingle | Sabrina Sellali Ismail Lafri Rafik Garni Hemza Manseur Mohamed Besbaci Mohamed Lafri Idir Bitam Epidemiology of Sandfly-Borne Phleboviruses in North Africa: An Overview Insects phlebovirus Toscana virus Sicilian virus meningoencephalitis <i>Phlebotomus</i> fever Morocco |
| title | Epidemiology of Sandfly-Borne Phleboviruses in North Africa: An Overview |
| title_full | Epidemiology of Sandfly-Borne Phleboviruses in North Africa: An Overview |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiology of Sandfly-Borne Phleboviruses in North Africa: An Overview |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiology of Sandfly-Borne Phleboviruses in North Africa: An Overview |
| title_short | Epidemiology of Sandfly-Borne Phleboviruses in North Africa: An Overview |
| title_sort | epidemiology of sandfly borne phleboviruses in north africa an overview |
| topic | phlebovirus Toscana virus Sicilian virus meningoencephalitis <i>Phlebotomus</i> fever Morocco |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/11/846 |
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