Generational Difference of Axial Length and Its Risk Factors in Urban and Rural China
Purpose. To compare the axial length difference (ALD) and the estimated generational axial length shift (ALS) from parents to their children and its risk factors in urban and rural China. Methods. Participants were enrolled from two longitudinal cohort studies, the Beijing Myopia Progression Study (...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2019-01-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Ophthalmology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1607064 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849409790412849152 |
|---|---|
| author | Zhong Lin Balamurali Vasudevan Kenneth J Ciuffreda Tie Ying Gao Hong Jia Zhou Yuan Bo Liang |
| author_facet | Zhong Lin Balamurali Vasudevan Kenneth J Ciuffreda Tie Ying Gao Hong Jia Zhou Yuan Bo Liang |
| author_sort | Zhong Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Purpose. To compare the axial length difference (ALD) and the estimated generational axial length shift (ALS) from parents to their children and its risk factors in urban and rural China. Methods. Participants were enrolled from two longitudinal cohort studies, the Beijing Myopia Progression Study (BMPS) and the Handan Offspring Myopia Study (HOMS). Ocular biometry was performed in both parents and their children. ALD was defined as the difference between the children’s axial length and the corresponding parental axial length. Generational ALS was estimated according to a binominal prediction model at 18 years of age. Results. 237 and 380 urban and rural Chinese children (6–17 years) and their parents from the BMPS and HOMS, respectively, were enrolled. Children’s axial length was estimated to be closest to the parental axial length at 11 and 9 years of age in the urban and rural areas, respectively; the estimated generational ALS would be 1.53 and 0.57 mm, respectively. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that older children (urban β = 0.26, p<0.001; rural β = 0.11, p<0.001) and males had larger ALD (urban β = 0.55, p<0.001; rural β = 0.52, p<0.001) in both areas. Furthermore, urban children with more educated parents (fathers: β = −0.30, p=0.002; mothers: β = −0.29, p=0.004) and more outdoor activity (β = −0.23, p=0.006) had a less ALD. Conclusions. The urban generational axial length shift was estimated to be approximately 1 mm longer than that of the rural area. These results suggest different environmental effects on the ocular development in these two populations of Chinese children. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-795d55b74b024779a49ca142bc11e73d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-004X 2090-0058 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Ophthalmology |
| spelling | doaj-art-795d55b74b024779a49ca142bc11e73d2025-08-20T03:35:23ZengWileyJournal of Ophthalmology2090-004X2090-00582019-01-01201910.1155/2019/16070641607064Generational Difference of Axial Length and Its Risk Factors in Urban and Rural ChinaZhong Lin0Balamurali Vasudevan1Kenneth J Ciuffreda2Tie Ying Gao3Hong Jia Zhou4Yuan Bo Liang5The Affiliated Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaCollege of Optometry, Mid Western University, Glendale, AZ, USADepartment of Biological and Vision Sciences, SUNY College of Optometry, New York, NY, USAHandan Eye Hospital, Handan, Hebei, ChinaThe Affiliated Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaThe Affiliated Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaPurpose. To compare the axial length difference (ALD) and the estimated generational axial length shift (ALS) from parents to their children and its risk factors in urban and rural China. Methods. Participants were enrolled from two longitudinal cohort studies, the Beijing Myopia Progression Study (BMPS) and the Handan Offspring Myopia Study (HOMS). Ocular biometry was performed in both parents and their children. ALD was defined as the difference between the children’s axial length and the corresponding parental axial length. Generational ALS was estimated according to a binominal prediction model at 18 years of age. Results. 237 and 380 urban and rural Chinese children (6–17 years) and their parents from the BMPS and HOMS, respectively, were enrolled. Children’s axial length was estimated to be closest to the parental axial length at 11 and 9 years of age in the urban and rural areas, respectively; the estimated generational ALS would be 1.53 and 0.57 mm, respectively. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that older children (urban β = 0.26, p<0.001; rural β = 0.11, p<0.001) and males had larger ALD (urban β = 0.55, p<0.001; rural β = 0.52, p<0.001) in both areas. Furthermore, urban children with more educated parents (fathers: β = −0.30, p=0.002; mothers: β = −0.29, p=0.004) and more outdoor activity (β = −0.23, p=0.006) had a less ALD. Conclusions. The urban generational axial length shift was estimated to be approximately 1 mm longer than that of the rural area. These results suggest different environmental effects on the ocular development in these two populations of Chinese children.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1607064 |
| spellingShingle | Zhong Lin Balamurali Vasudevan Kenneth J Ciuffreda Tie Ying Gao Hong Jia Zhou Yuan Bo Liang Generational Difference of Axial Length and Its Risk Factors in Urban and Rural China Journal of Ophthalmology |
| title | Generational Difference of Axial Length and Its Risk Factors in Urban and Rural China |
| title_full | Generational Difference of Axial Length and Its Risk Factors in Urban and Rural China |
| title_fullStr | Generational Difference of Axial Length and Its Risk Factors in Urban and Rural China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Generational Difference of Axial Length and Its Risk Factors in Urban and Rural China |
| title_short | Generational Difference of Axial Length and Its Risk Factors in Urban and Rural China |
| title_sort | generational difference of axial length and its risk factors in urban and rural china |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1607064 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zhonglin generationaldifferenceofaxiallengthanditsriskfactorsinurbanandruralchina AT balamuralivasudevan generationaldifferenceofaxiallengthanditsriskfactorsinurbanandruralchina AT kennethjciuffreda generationaldifferenceofaxiallengthanditsriskfactorsinurbanandruralchina AT tieyinggao generationaldifferenceofaxiallengthanditsriskfactorsinurbanandruralchina AT hongjiazhou generationaldifferenceofaxiallengthanditsriskfactorsinurbanandruralchina AT yuanboliang generationaldifferenceofaxiallengthanditsriskfactorsinurbanandruralchina |