Could Individual Variability in Resistance to Cryopreservation (“Freezability”) Serve as a Biomarker Reflecting Boar Fertility?

Subfertile boars often go undetected until they cause significant reproductive losses. Current semen quality assessments are limited in their ability to predict fertility, highlighting the need for complementary biomarkers. This study explored whether semen freezability could serve as an indirect in...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Eduardo de Mercado, Helena Nieto-Cristóbal, Adrián Martín-San Juan, María José Martinez-Alborcia, Manuel Álvarez-Rodríguez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Animals
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/15/2180
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849407812964188160
author Eduardo de Mercado
Helena Nieto-Cristóbal
Adrián Martín-San Juan
María José Martinez-Alborcia
Manuel Álvarez-Rodríguez
author_facet Eduardo de Mercado
Helena Nieto-Cristóbal
Adrián Martín-San Juan
María José Martinez-Alborcia
Manuel Álvarez-Rodríguez
author_sort Eduardo de Mercado
collection DOAJ
description Subfertile boars often go undetected until they cause significant reproductive losses. Current semen quality assessments are limited in their ability to predict fertility, highlighting the need for complementary biomarkers. This study explored whether semen freezability could serve as an indirect indicator of boar fertility. Eighteen boars were classified based on historical fertility records and semen freezability, assessed by post-thaw quality. Fresh and post-thaw semen samples were analyzed using the CASA system and fluorescence microscopy. High-fertility boars showed significantly better motility and functional sperm parameters in fresh semen compared to low-fertility boars. However, these differences were mostly lost after cryopreservation. Conversely, boars with good freezability had consistently better post-thaw semen quality, though this did not correlate directly with higher fertility outcomes. Notably, a combined analysis revealed that boars with both high fertility and poor freezability had the lowest post-thaw semen quality. This suggests that cryopreservation may expose hidden sperm defects not detectable in fresh semen. Total motility was the only parameter associated with both fertility and freezability. In conclusion, while freezability alone may not directly predict fertility, it may help identify low-performing males. The combined assessment of fresh semen motility and freezability could support more effective boar selection strategies.
format Article
id doaj-art-7935cade9ab54f03baa65dd76ed9d8d2
institution Kabale University
issn 2076-2615
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Animals
spelling doaj-art-7935cade9ab54f03baa65dd76ed9d8d22025-08-20T03:35:57ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-07-011515218010.3390/ani15152180Could Individual Variability in Resistance to Cryopreservation (“Freezability”) Serve as a Biomarker Reflecting Boar Fertility?Eduardo de Mercado0Helena Nieto-Cristóbal1Adrián Martín-San Juan2María José Martinez-Alborcia3Manuel Álvarez-Rodríguez4Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria y Alimentaria-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria y Alimentaria-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria y Alimentaria-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, SpainTopigs Norsvin España SLU-AIM Ibérica, 28290 Las Rozas, SpainDepartment of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria y Alimentaria-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, SpainSubfertile boars often go undetected until they cause significant reproductive losses. Current semen quality assessments are limited in their ability to predict fertility, highlighting the need for complementary biomarkers. This study explored whether semen freezability could serve as an indirect indicator of boar fertility. Eighteen boars were classified based on historical fertility records and semen freezability, assessed by post-thaw quality. Fresh and post-thaw semen samples were analyzed using the CASA system and fluorescence microscopy. High-fertility boars showed significantly better motility and functional sperm parameters in fresh semen compared to low-fertility boars. However, these differences were mostly lost after cryopreservation. Conversely, boars with good freezability had consistently better post-thaw semen quality, though this did not correlate directly with higher fertility outcomes. Notably, a combined analysis revealed that boars with both high fertility and poor freezability had the lowest post-thaw semen quality. This suggests that cryopreservation may expose hidden sperm defects not detectable in fresh semen. Total motility was the only parameter associated with both fertility and freezability. In conclusion, while freezability alone may not directly predict fertility, it may help identify low-performing males. The combined assessment of fresh semen motility and freezability could support more effective boar selection strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/15/2180boar spermsperm qualityfertilityfreezability
spellingShingle Eduardo de Mercado
Helena Nieto-Cristóbal
Adrián Martín-San Juan
María José Martinez-Alborcia
Manuel Álvarez-Rodríguez
Could Individual Variability in Resistance to Cryopreservation (“Freezability”) Serve as a Biomarker Reflecting Boar Fertility?
Animals
boar sperm
sperm quality
fertility
freezability
title Could Individual Variability in Resistance to Cryopreservation (“Freezability”) Serve as a Biomarker Reflecting Boar Fertility?
title_full Could Individual Variability in Resistance to Cryopreservation (“Freezability”) Serve as a Biomarker Reflecting Boar Fertility?
title_fullStr Could Individual Variability in Resistance to Cryopreservation (“Freezability”) Serve as a Biomarker Reflecting Boar Fertility?
title_full_unstemmed Could Individual Variability in Resistance to Cryopreservation (“Freezability”) Serve as a Biomarker Reflecting Boar Fertility?
title_short Could Individual Variability in Resistance to Cryopreservation (“Freezability”) Serve as a Biomarker Reflecting Boar Fertility?
title_sort could individual variability in resistance to cryopreservation freezability serve as a biomarker reflecting boar fertility
topic boar sperm
sperm quality
fertility
freezability
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/15/2180
work_keys_str_mv AT eduardodemercado couldindividualvariabilityinresistancetocryopreservationfreezabilityserveasabiomarkerreflectingboarfertility
AT helenanietocristobal couldindividualvariabilityinresistancetocryopreservationfreezabilityserveasabiomarkerreflectingboarfertility
AT adrianmartinsanjuan couldindividualvariabilityinresistancetocryopreservationfreezabilityserveasabiomarkerreflectingboarfertility
AT mariajosemartinezalborcia couldindividualvariabilityinresistancetocryopreservationfreezabilityserveasabiomarkerreflectingboarfertility
AT manuelalvarezrodriguez couldindividualvariabilityinresistancetocryopreservationfreezabilityserveasabiomarkerreflectingboarfertility