Where are higher-order cognitive functions? The paradox of non-locality in awake cognitive mapping using a complex dynamic system framework

This study addresses the challenge in identifying and preserving higher-order cognitive functions within a complex dynamic systems framework during neurosurgery. Traditionally, neurosurgical practice has prioritized avoiding language and motor deficits, while higher-order functions—such as social co...

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Main Authors: Jesús Martín-Fernández, Nayra Caballero-Estebaranz, Esteban Félez, Natalia Navarro-Peris, Pedro Pérez del Rosario, Raúl Hernández Bisshopp, Jaime Domínguez-Báez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1542505/full
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author Jesús Martín-Fernández
Jesús Martín-Fernández
Jesús Martín-Fernández
Nayra Caballero-Estebaranz
Nayra Caballero-Estebaranz
Nayra Caballero-Estebaranz
Esteban Félez
Esteban Félez
Natalia Navarro-Peris
Pedro Pérez del Rosario
Pedro Pérez del Rosario
Raúl Hernández Bisshopp
Jaime Domínguez-Báez
author_facet Jesús Martín-Fernández
Jesús Martín-Fernández
Jesús Martín-Fernández
Nayra Caballero-Estebaranz
Nayra Caballero-Estebaranz
Nayra Caballero-Estebaranz
Esteban Félez
Esteban Félez
Natalia Navarro-Peris
Pedro Pérez del Rosario
Pedro Pérez del Rosario
Raúl Hernández Bisshopp
Jaime Domínguez-Báez
author_sort Jesús Martín-Fernández
collection DOAJ
description This study addresses the challenge in identifying and preserving higher-order cognitive functions within a complex dynamic systems framework during neurosurgery. Traditionally, neurosurgical practice has prioritized avoiding language and motor deficits, while higher-order functions—such as social cognition and executive processes—remain underexplored. These functions arise from dynamic large-scale networks operating in an optimal balance between synchronization and metastability rather than from isolated and localized cortical regions. This complexity highlights a paradox of non-locality in awake cognitive mapping: no single area “contains” a function, but certain “critical points” can transiently disrupt network dynamics when stimulated intraoperatively. Direct electrical stimulation provides unique real-time insights by inducing brief dyssynchronizations that elicit observable behavioral changes, allowing neurosurgeons and neuropsychologists to pinpoint crucial cortical and subcortical “connectome-stop points” and minimize damage. Preserving deep white-matter tracts is essential, given their limited neuroplasticity and the profound, often irreversible impact of tract lesions on cognition. To address these challenges, we propose a three-step awake cognitive mapping approach: (1) localizing critical points of networks via DES-driven behavioral impairment, (2) constant monitoring of multiple cognitive domains as tumor resection progresses, and (3) halting resection at connectome-stop points to prevent irreversible deficits. An illustrative case involving a right parietal glioma demonstrates how this methodology integrates computational neuroscience, network theory, and clinical practice to achieve optimal functional preservation and maintain the patient’s quality of life.
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spelling doaj-art-7931a2fad353460fa1cd1f33fac335462025-08-20T03:15:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782025-03-011610.3389/fpsyg.2025.15425051542505Where are higher-order cognitive functions? The paradox of non-locality in awake cognitive mapping using a complex dynamic system frameworkJesús Martín-Fernández0Jesús Martín-Fernández1Jesús Martín-Fernández2Nayra Caballero-Estebaranz3Nayra Caballero-Estebaranz4Nayra Caballero-Estebaranz5Esteban Félez6Esteban Félez7Natalia Navarro-Peris8Pedro Pérez del Rosario9Pedro Pérez del Rosario10Raúl Hernández Bisshopp11Jaime Domínguez-Báez12Department of Neurosurgery, Nuestra Señora de Candelaria University Hospital, Tenerife, SpainDepartment of Cognitive-Affective Neuroscience, e-Awake Institute, Tenerife, SpainCanary Association of Creative Therapies (ASCATEC), Tenerife, SpainDepartment of Cognitive-Affective Neuroscience, e-Awake Institute, Tenerife, SpainCanary Association of Creative Therapies (ASCATEC), Tenerife, SpainFaculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Canarias, Tenerife, SpainDepartment of Cognitive-Affective Neuroscience, e-Awake Institute, Tenerife, SpainInstitute of Neuroinformatics: University of Zürich and ETH, Zürich, SwitzerlandDepartment of Cognitive-Affective Neuroscience, e-Awake Institute, Tenerife, SpainDepartment of Neurosurgery, Nuestra Señora de Candelaria University Hospital, Tenerife, SpainDepartment of Cognitive-Affective Neuroscience, e-Awake Institute, Tenerife, SpainDepartment of Neurosurgery, Nuestra Señora de Candelaria University Hospital, Tenerife, SpainDepartment of Neurosurgery, Nuestra Señora de Candelaria University Hospital, Tenerife, SpainThis study addresses the challenge in identifying and preserving higher-order cognitive functions within a complex dynamic systems framework during neurosurgery. Traditionally, neurosurgical practice has prioritized avoiding language and motor deficits, while higher-order functions—such as social cognition and executive processes—remain underexplored. These functions arise from dynamic large-scale networks operating in an optimal balance between synchronization and metastability rather than from isolated and localized cortical regions. This complexity highlights a paradox of non-locality in awake cognitive mapping: no single area “contains” a function, but certain “critical points” can transiently disrupt network dynamics when stimulated intraoperatively. Direct electrical stimulation provides unique real-time insights by inducing brief dyssynchronizations that elicit observable behavioral changes, allowing neurosurgeons and neuropsychologists to pinpoint crucial cortical and subcortical “connectome-stop points” and minimize damage. Preserving deep white-matter tracts is essential, given their limited neuroplasticity and the profound, often irreversible impact of tract lesions on cognition. To address these challenges, we propose a three-step awake cognitive mapping approach: (1) localizing critical points of networks via DES-driven behavioral impairment, (2) constant monitoring of multiple cognitive domains as tumor resection progresses, and (3) halting resection at connectome-stop points to prevent irreversible deficits. An illustrative case involving a right parietal glioma demonstrates how this methodology integrates computational neuroscience, network theory, and clinical practice to achieve optimal functional preservation and maintain the patient’s quality of life.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1542505/fullcognitive mappingcomputational neurosciencesawake neurosurgeryemotionsnetwork neuroscienceconnectomics
spellingShingle Jesús Martín-Fernández
Jesús Martín-Fernández
Jesús Martín-Fernández
Nayra Caballero-Estebaranz
Nayra Caballero-Estebaranz
Nayra Caballero-Estebaranz
Esteban Félez
Esteban Félez
Natalia Navarro-Peris
Pedro Pérez del Rosario
Pedro Pérez del Rosario
Raúl Hernández Bisshopp
Jaime Domínguez-Báez
Where are higher-order cognitive functions? The paradox of non-locality in awake cognitive mapping using a complex dynamic system framework
Frontiers in Psychology
cognitive mapping
computational neurosciences
awake neurosurgery
emotions
network neuroscience
connectomics
title Where are higher-order cognitive functions? The paradox of non-locality in awake cognitive mapping using a complex dynamic system framework
title_full Where are higher-order cognitive functions? The paradox of non-locality in awake cognitive mapping using a complex dynamic system framework
title_fullStr Where are higher-order cognitive functions? The paradox of non-locality in awake cognitive mapping using a complex dynamic system framework
title_full_unstemmed Where are higher-order cognitive functions? The paradox of non-locality in awake cognitive mapping using a complex dynamic system framework
title_short Where are higher-order cognitive functions? The paradox of non-locality in awake cognitive mapping using a complex dynamic system framework
title_sort where are higher order cognitive functions the paradox of non locality in awake cognitive mapping using a complex dynamic system framework
topic cognitive mapping
computational neurosciences
awake neurosurgery
emotions
network neuroscience
connectomics
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1542505/full
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