Sustainable dyeing of cotton, silk and leather using natural dye from Bixa orellana seeds: extraction, optimization and assessment of antibacterial activity
IntroductionNatural dyes offer an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic colorants in textile processing. This study explores the sustainable dyeing of cotton, silk, and leather using pigment-rich extracts from Bixa orellana seeds, with a focus on process optimization and antibacterial efficacy.Mater...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1474160/full |
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| author | Moorthy Muruganandham Yuvaraj Tamilselvi Kanagasabapathy Sivasubramanian Palanivel Velmurugan Fatimah Oleyan Al-Otibi Subpiramaniyam Sivakumar |
| author_facet | Moorthy Muruganandham Yuvaraj Tamilselvi Kanagasabapathy Sivasubramanian Palanivel Velmurugan Fatimah Oleyan Al-Otibi Subpiramaniyam Sivakumar |
| author_sort | Moorthy Muruganandham |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionNatural dyes offer an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic colorants in textile processing. This study explores the sustainable dyeing of cotton, silk, and leather using pigment-rich extracts from Bixa orellana seeds, with a focus on process optimization and antibacterial efficacy.Materials and methodsUsing an array of extraction solvents [water, methanol, ethanol, ethanol: methanol (1:1)] and extraction techniques [direct heat (DH), ultrasonic water bath (USB), ultrasonic probe, (USP)], Bixa orellana seeds were utilized to produce a yellow-orange dye. The color strength of the extracted dye was investigated using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer to measure the absorbance wavelength. The functional groups identified in the extracted natural dye were described using an FTIR spectrophotometer.Results and discussionUsing methanol as the solvent and 5 g of seed at 60°C for 60 min, the highest color yield was observed in USB. Using the ultrasonic water bath dyeing method at 60°C for 40 min without using any moderant, cotton, silk fabric, and leather were effectively colored in a yellow-orange color. The L*, a*, and b* values of the dyed material treated using the USB approach were 80.95, 4.52, 75.35 for cotton, 88.65, -1.35, 62.85 for silk, and 79.55, 015.35, 66.45 for leather, respectively. Compared to the other bacterial reduction, 85.25% of the colored materials showed substantial antibacterial action against Staphylococcus sp. Vibrio sp. (76.69%), Pseudomonas sp. (75.83%), Klebsiella sp. (74.24%), and Micrococcus sp. (74.21%) were the following most prevalent bacteria. The ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) measurements showed that leather and cotton treated with B. orellana seed dye had higher UV radiation shielding properties. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-792ea14a577646218cdb5406e3fb9c3f |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2296-2646 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-792ea14a577646218cdb5406e3fb9c3f2025-08-20T03:10:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Chemistry2296-26462025-05-011310.3389/fchem.2025.14741601474160Sustainable dyeing of cotton, silk and leather using natural dye from Bixa orellana seeds: extraction, optimization and assessment of antibacterial activityMoorthy Muruganandham0Yuvaraj Tamilselvi1Kanagasabapathy Sivasubramanian2Palanivel Velmurugan3Fatimah Oleyan Al-Otibi4Subpiramaniyam Sivakumar5Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaCentre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaCentre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaCentre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Bioenvironmental Energy, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of KoreaIntroductionNatural dyes offer an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic colorants in textile processing. This study explores the sustainable dyeing of cotton, silk, and leather using pigment-rich extracts from Bixa orellana seeds, with a focus on process optimization and antibacterial efficacy.Materials and methodsUsing an array of extraction solvents [water, methanol, ethanol, ethanol: methanol (1:1)] and extraction techniques [direct heat (DH), ultrasonic water bath (USB), ultrasonic probe, (USP)], Bixa orellana seeds were utilized to produce a yellow-orange dye. The color strength of the extracted dye was investigated using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer to measure the absorbance wavelength. The functional groups identified in the extracted natural dye were described using an FTIR spectrophotometer.Results and discussionUsing methanol as the solvent and 5 g of seed at 60°C for 60 min, the highest color yield was observed in USB. Using the ultrasonic water bath dyeing method at 60°C for 40 min without using any moderant, cotton, silk fabric, and leather were effectively colored in a yellow-orange color. The L*, a*, and b* values of the dyed material treated using the USB approach were 80.95, 4.52, 75.35 for cotton, 88.65, -1.35, 62.85 for silk, and 79.55, 015.35, 66.45 for leather, respectively. Compared to the other bacterial reduction, 85.25% of the colored materials showed substantial antibacterial action against Staphylococcus sp. Vibrio sp. (76.69%), Pseudomonas sp. (75.83%), Klebsiella sp. (74.24%), and Micrococcus sp. (74.21%) were the following most prevalent bacteria. The ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) measurements showed that leather and cotton treated with B. orellana seed dye had higher UV radiation shielding properties.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1474160/fullultrasoundextractionB. OrellanaFT-IRUV-spectrophotometerbacterial reduction |
| spellingShingle | Moorthy Muruganandham Yuvaraj Tamilselvi Kanagasabapathy Sivasubramanian Palanivel Velmurugan Fatimah Oleyan Al-Otibi Subpiramaniyam Sivakumar Sustainable dyeing of cotton, silk and leather using natural dye from Bixa orellana seeds: extraction, optimization and assessment of antibacterial activity Frontiers in Chemistry ultrasound extraction B. Orellana FT-IR UV-spectrophotometer bacterial reduction |
| title | Sustainable dyeing of cotton, silk and leather using natural dye from Bixa orellana seeds: extraction, optimization and assessment of antibacterial activity |
| title_full | Sustainable dyeing of cotton, silk and leather using natural dye from Bixa orellana seeds: extraction, optimization and assessment of antibacterial activity |
| title_fullStr | Sustainable dyeing of cotton, silk and leather using natural dye from Bixa orellana seeds: extraction, optimization and assessment of antibacterial activity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sustainable dyeing of cotton, silk and leather using natural dye from Bixa orellana seeds: extraction, optimization and assessment of antibacterial activity |
| title_short | Sustainable dyeing of cotton, silk and leather using natural dye from Bixa orellana seeds: extraction, optimization and assessment of antibacterial activity |
| title_sort | sustainable dyeing of cotton silk and leather using natural dye from bixa orellana seeds extraction optimization and assessment of antibacterial activity |
| topic | ultrasound extraction B. Orellana FT-IR UV-spectrophotometer bacterial reduction |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1474160/full |
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