Development of Photocatalytic Ultrafiltration Membranes for Enhanced Removal of Carbamazepine: Optimization and Mechanistic Insights

Carbamazepine (CBZ), a persistent antiepileptic drug, poses significant challenges in water treatment due to its recalcitrance to conventional degradation methods. This study presents a breakthrough in CBZ removal by integrating a photocatalytic ultrafiltration (UF) membrane with precisely engineere...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zohaib Ur Rehman Afridi, Hassan Younas, Abdul Jabbar Ehsan, Shahzada Muhammad Sajid Jillani, Muhammad Ahsan Amjed
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-01-01
Series:Journal of Engineering
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/je/6698866
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850094178448441344
author Zohaib Ur Rehman Afridi
Hassan Younas
Abdul Jabbar Ehsan
Shahzada Muhammad Sajid Jillani
Muhammad Ahsan Amjed
author_facet Zohaib Ur Rehman Afridi
Hassan Younas
Abdul Jabbar Ehsan
Shahzada Muhammad Sajid Jillani
Muhammad Ahsan Amjed
author_sort Zohaib Ur Rehman Afridi
collection DOAJ
description Carbamazepine (CBZ), a persistent antiepileptic drug, poses significant challenges in water treatment due to its recalcitrance to conventional degradation methods. This study presents a breakthrough in CBZ removal by integrating a photocatalytic ultrafiltration (UF) membrane with precisely engineered surface-immobilized TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) fabricated via an innovative technique developed in our prior work. The UF process, conducted under UV irradiation at 0.5 L/min crossflow, demonstrated exceptional performance when optimizing membrane composition (18% PVDF, 5% ethanol, and 1.5% embedded TiO2) and surface TiO2 NP density (3.04 g/m2), achieving 80% CBZ rejection with a high permeate flux of 100 L/m2/h at low pressures (0.05–0.1 MPa). Crucially, membranes lacking surface TiO2 NPs showed negligible CBZ removal, regardless of UV exposure or pressure, underscoring the necessity of photocatalytic activation. Further analysis revealed that increasing pressure (0.05 → 0.1 MPa) and CBZ concentration (1 → 4 mg/L) reduced rejection efficiency (80% → 42% and 80% → 55%, respectively), highlighting the interplay between operational parameters and membrane performance. This work establishes a groundbreaking strategy for enhancing CBZ elimination, offering critical insights for advancing engineered membrane technologies in water treatment applications.
format Article
id doaj-art-79148dfdeefa4145a0aa6ffc00b4da76
institution DOAJ
issn 2314-4912
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher Wiley
record_format Article
series Journal of Engineering
spelling doaj-art-79148dfdeefa4145a0aa6ffc00b4da762025-08-20T02:41:43ZengWileyJournal of Engineering2314-49122025-01-01202510.1155/je/6698866Development of Photocatalytic Ultrafiltration Membranes for Enhanced Removal of Carbamazepine: Optimization and Mechanistic InsightsZohaib Ur Rehman Afridi0Hassan Younas1Abdul Jabbar Ehsan2Shahzada Muhammad Sajid Jillani3Muhammad Ahsan Amjed4Centre For Advanced Studies in EnergyInterdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water SecurityDepartment of Engineering and ManagementInterdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water SecurityDepartment of ChemistryCarbamazepine (CBZ), a persistent antiepileptic drug, poses significant challenges in water treatment due to its recalcitrance to conventional degradation methods. This study presents a breakthrough in CBZ removal by integrating a photocatalytic ultrafiltration (UF) membrane with precisely engineered surface-immobilized TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) fabricated via an innovative technique developed in our prior work. The UF process, conducted under UV irradiation at 0.5 L/min crossflow, demonstrated exceptional performance when optimizing membrane composition (18% PVDF, 5% ethanol, and 1.5% embedded TiO2) and surface TiO2 NP density (3.04 g/m2), achieving 80% CBZ rejection with a high permeate flux of 100 L/m2/h at low pressures (0.05–0.1 MPa). Crucially, membranes lacking surface TiO2 NPs showed negligible CBZ removal, regardless of UV exposure or pressure, underscoring the necessity of photocatalytic activation. Further analysis revealed that increasing pressure (0.05 → 0.1 MPa) and CBZ concentration (1 → 4 mg/L) reduced rejection efficiency (80% → 42% and 80% → 55%, respectively), highlighting the interplay between operational parameters and membrane performance. This work establishes a groundbreaking strategy for enhancing CBZ elimination, offering critical insights for advancing engineered membrane technologies in water treatment applications.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/je/6698866
spellingShingle Zohaib Ur Rehman Afridi
Hassan Younas
Abdul Jabbar Ehsan
Shahzada Muhammad Sajid Jillani
Muhammad Ahsan Amjed
Development of Photocatalytic Ultrafiltration Membranes for Enhanced Removal of Carbamazepine: Optimization and Mechanistic Insights
Journal of Engineering
title Development of Photocatalytic Ultrafiltration Membranes for Enhanced Removal of Carbamazepine: Optimization and Mechanistic Insights
title_full Development of Photocatalytic Ultrafiltration Membranes for Enhanced Removal of Carbamazepine: Optimization and Mechanistic Insights
title_fullStr Development of Photocatalytic Ultrafiltration Membranes for Enhanced Removal of Carbamazepine: Optimization and Mechanistic Insights
title_full_unstemmed Development of Photocatalytic Ultrafiltration Membranes for Enhanced Removal of Carbamazepine: Optimization and Mechanistic Insights
title_short Development of Photocatalytic Ultrafiltration Membranes for Enhanced Removal of Carbamazepine: Optimization and Mechanistic Insights
title_sort development of photocatalytic ultrafiltration membranes for enhanced removal of carbamazepine optimization and mechanistic insights
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/je/6698866
work_keys_str_mv AT zohaiburrehmanafridi developmentofphotocatalyticultrafiltrationmembranesforenhancedremovalofcarbamazepineoptimizationandmechanisticinsights
AT hassanyounas developmentofphotocatalyticultrafiltrationmembranesforenhancedremovalofcarbamazepineoptimizationandmechanisticinsights
AT abduljabbarehsan developmentofphotocatalyticultrafiltrationmembranesforenhancedremovalofcarbamazepineoptimizationandmechanisticinsights
AT shahzadamuhammadsajidjillani developmentofphotocatalyticultrafiltrationmembranesforenhancedremovalofcarbamazepineoptimizationandmechanisticinsights
AT muhammadahsanamjed developmentofphotocatalyticultrafiltrationmembranesforenhancedremovalofcarbamazepineoptimizationandmechanisticinsights