Graves’ Disease: Is It Time for Targeted Therapy? A Narrative Review
Current therapies for Graves’ disease (GD) primarily aim to manage hyperthyroidism through synthetic antithyroid drugs, radioiodine, or surgery. However, these approaches are often limited by their incomplete efficacy and the risk of inducing hypothyroidism. The latest advances in understanding the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/3/500 |
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| author | Nicola Viola Alessandro Colleo Mauro Casula Chiara Mura Francesco Boi Giulia Lanzolla |
| author_facet | Nicola Viola Alessandro Colleo Mauro Casula Chiara Mura Francesco Boi Giulia Lanzolla |
| author_sort | Nicola Viola |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Current therapies for Graves’ disease (GD) primarily aim to manage hyperthyroidism through synthetic antithyroid drugs, radioiodine, or surgery. However, these approaches are often limited by their incomplete efficacy and the risk of inducing hypothyroidism. The latest advances in understanding the autoimmune mechanisms driving GD have paved the way for novel therapies targeting the thyrotropin receptor (TSH-R) or immune pathways. Overall, key targets include cluster of differentiation 20 (CD20), cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40), protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22), cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), B cell-activating factor (BAFF), and the Fc receptor-like protein 3 (FcRL3). Recent preclinical studies and clinical trials testing targeted therapies have shown promising results in terms of efficacy and safety. Here, we present a narrative review of the literature on emerging therapeutic approaches for GD that are currently under investigation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-790133d6185b4a3da989f5d54ff94dec |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj-art-790133d6185b4a3da989f5d54ff94dec2025-08-20T02:42:22ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442025-03-0161350010.3390/medicina61030500Graves’ Disease: Is It Time for Targeted Therapy? A Narrative ReviewNicola Viola0Alessandro Colleo1Mauro Casula2Chiara Mura3Francesco Boi4Giulia Lanzolla5Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, University Hospital of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, ItalyEndocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, ItalyEndocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, University Hospital of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, ItalyEndocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, ItalyEndocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, ItalyEndocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, ItalyCurrent therapies for Graves’ disease (GD) primarily aim to manage hyperthyroidism through synthetic antithyroid drugs, radioiodine, or surgery. However, these approaches are often limited by their incomplete efficacy and the risk of inducing hypothyroidism. The latest advances in understanding the autoimmune mechanisms driving GD have paved the way for novel therapies targeting the thyrotropin receptor (TSH-R) or immune pathways. Overall, key targets include cluster of differentiation 20 (CD20), cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40), protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22), cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), B cell-activating factor (BAFF), and the Fc receptor-like protein 3 (FcRL3). Recent preclinical studies and clinical trials testing targeted therapies have shown promising results in terms of efficacy and safety. Here, we present a narrative review of the literature on emerging therapeutic approaches for GD that are currently under investigation.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/3/500Graves’ diseasethyroid autoimmunitythyroid diseaseshyperthyroidismtargeted therapy |
| spellingShingle | Nicola Viola Alessandro Colleo Mauro Casula Chiara Mura Francesco Boi Giulia Lanzolla Graves’ Disease: Is It Time for Targeted Therapy? A Narrative Review Medicina Graves’ disease thyroid autoimmunity thyroid diseases hyperthyroidism targeted therapy |
| title | Graves’ Disease: Is It Time for Targeted Therapy? A Narrative Review |
| title_full | Graves’ Disease: Is It Time for Targeted Therapy? A Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | Graves’ Disease: Is It Time for Targeted Therapy? A Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Graves’ Disease: Is It Time for Targeted Therapy? A Narrative Review |
| title_short | Graves’ Disease: Is It Time for Targeted Therapy? A Narrative Review |
| title_sort | graves disease is it time for targeted therapy a narrative review |
| topic | Graves’ disease thyroid autoimmunity thyroid diseases hyperthyroidism targeted therapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/3/500 |
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