Exploring Experimental Isotope Scaling and Density Limit in Tokamak Transport

As it turns out, both isotope scaling and density limits are phenomena closely linked to fluid closure. The necessity to include ion viscosity arises for both phenomena. Thus, we have added ion viscosity to our model. The experimental isotope scaling has been successfully recovered in our fluid mode...

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Main Authors: Jan Weiland, Tariq Rafiq, Eugenio Schuster
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-09-01
Series:Plasma
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6182/7/3/41
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author Jan Weiland
Tariq Rafiq
Eugenio Schuster
author_facet Jan Weiland
Tariq Rafiq
Eugenio Schuster
author_sort Jan Weiland
collection DOAJ
description As it turns out, both isotope scaling and density limits are phenomena closely linked to fluid closure. The necessity to include ion viscosity arises for both phenomena. Thus, we have added ion viscosity to our model. The experimental isotope scaling has been successfully recovered in our fluid model through parameter scans. Although ion viscosity typically exerts a small effect, the density limit is manifested by increasing the density by approximately tenfold from the typical experimental density. In our case, this increase originates from the density in the Cyclone base case. Notably, these phenomena would not manifest with a gyro-Landau fluid closure. The isotope scaling is nullified by the addition of a gyro-Landau term, while the density limit results from permitting ion viscosity to become comparable to the gyro-Landau term. The mechanism of zonal flows, demonstrated analytically for the Dimits upshift, yields insights into the isotope scaling observed in experiments. In our approach, ion viscosity is introduced in place of the Landau fluid resonances found in some fluid models. This implies that the mechanism of isotope scaling operates at the level of fluid closure in connection with the generation of zonal flows. The strength of zonal flows in our model has been verified, particularly in connection with the successful simulation of the nonlinear Dimits shift. Consequently, a role is played by our approach in the temperature perturbation part of the Reynolds stress.
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spelling doaj-art-78f92acae506401fb8c4f5b5797eff4c2025-08-20T01:55:48ZengMDPI AGPlasma2571-61822024-09-017378079210.3390/plasma7030041Exploring Experimental Isotope Scaling and Density Limit in Tokamak TransportJan Weiland0Tariq Rafiq1Eugenio Schuster2Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18017, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18017, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18017, USAAs it turns out, both isotope scaling and density limits are phenomena closely linked to fluid closure. The necessity to include ion viscosity arises for both phenomena. Thus, we have added ion viscosity to our model. The experimental isotope scaling has been successfully recovered in our fluid model through parameter scans. Although ion viscosity typically exerts a small effect, the density limit is manifested by increasing the density by approximately tenfold from the typical experimental density. In our case, this increase originates from the density in the Cyclone base case. Notably, these phenomena would not manifest with a gyro-Landau fluid closure. The isotope scaling is nullified by the addition of a gyro-Landau term, while the density limit results from permitting ion viscosity to become comparable to the gyro-Landau term. The mechanism of zonal flows, demonstrated analytically for the Dimits upshift, yields insights into the isotope scaling observed in experiments. In our approach, ion viscosity is introduced in place of the Landau fluid resonances found in some fluid models. This implies that the mechanism of isotope scaling operates at the level of fluid closure in connection with the generation of zonal flows. The strength of zonal flows in our model has been verified, particularly in connection with the successful simulation of the nonlinear Dimits shift. Consequently, a role is played by our approach in the temperature perturbation part of the Reynolds stress.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6182/7/3/41isotope scalingdensity limitturbulence and transport modelingmagnetic confinementresonance broadeningtokamaks
spellingShingle Jan Weiland
Tariq Rafiq
Eugenio Schuster
Exploring Experimental Isotope Scaling and Density Limit in Tokamak Transport
Plasma
isotope scaling
density limit
turbulence and transport modeling
magnetic confinement
resonance broadening
tokamaks
title Exploring Experimental Isotope Scaling and Density Limit in Tokamak Transport
title_full Exploring Experimental Isotope Scaling and Density Limit in Tokamak Transport
title_fullStr Exploring Experimental Isotope Scaling and Density Limit in Tokamak Transport
title_full_unstemmed Exploring Experimental Isotope Scaling and Density Limit in Tokamak Transport
title_short Exploring Experimental Isotope Scaling and Density Limit in Tokamak Transport
title_sort exploring experimental isotope scaling and density limit in tokamak transport
topic isotope scaling
density limit
turbulence and transport modeling
magnetic confinement
resonance broadening
tokamaks
url https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6182/7/3/41
work_keys_str_mv AT janweiland exploringexperimentalisotopescalinganddensitylimitintokamaktransport
AT tariqrafiq exploringexperimentalisotopescalinganddensitylimitintokamaktransport
AT eugenioschuster exploringexperimentalisotopescalinganddensitylimitintokamaktransport