Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Explaining the Link Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Heart Failure
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is increasingly recognized as a systemic condition with cardiovascular implications. Among these, heart failure has emerged as a significant complication. The aim of this narrative review was to explore the cellul...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| author | Arveen Shokravi Yuchen Luo Simon W. Rabkin |
| author_facet | Arveen Shokravi Yuchen Luo Simon W. Rabkin |
| author_sort | Arveen Shokravi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is increasingly recognized as a systemic condition with cardiovascular implications. Among these, heart failure has emerged as a significant complication. The aim of this narrative review was to explore the cellular and molecular pathways that link IBD and heart failure. Drawing upon findings from epidemiologic studies, experimental models, and clinical research, we examined the pathways through which IBD may promote cardiac dysfunction. Chronic systemic inflammation in IBD, driven by cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β, can impair myocardial structure and function. Furthermore, intestinal barrier dysfunction and gut dysbiosis can facilitate the translocation of proinflammatory microbial metabolites, including lipopolysaccharide and phenylacetylglutamine, and deplete cardioprotective metabolites like short-chain fatty acids, thereby exacerbating heart failure risk. Additional contributing factors include endothelial and microvascular dysfunction, autonomic dysregulation, nutritional deficiencies, shared genetic susceptibility, and adverse pharmacologic effects. IBD contributes to heart failure pathogenesis through multifactorial and interrelated mechanisms. Recognizing the role of the gut–heart axis in IBD is crucial for the early identification of cardiovascular risk, providing guidance for integrating care and developing targeted therapies to reduce the risk of heart failure in this vulnerable population. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-78e3b1fe9e9d4dcb8f2129249bcf74b1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj-art-78e3b1fe9e9d4dcb8f2129249bcf74b12025-08-20T03:35:37ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092025-07-011414112410.3390/cells14141124Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Explaining the Link Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Heart FailureArveen Shokravi0Yuchen Luo1Simon W. Rabkin2Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, CanadaInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is increasingly recognized as a systemic condition with cardiovascular implications. Among these, heart failure has emerged as a significant complication. The aim of this narrative review was to explore the cellular and molecular pathways that link IBD and heart failure. Drawing upon findings from epidemiologic studies, experimental models, and clinical research, we examined the pathways through which IBD may promote cardiac dysfunction. Chronic systemic inflammation in IBD, driven by cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β, can impair myocardial structure and function. Furthermore, intestinal barrier dysfunction and gut dysbiosis can facilitate the translocation of proinflammatory microbial metabolites, including lipopolysaccharide and phenylacetylglutamine, and deplete cardioprotective metabolites like short-chain fatty acids, thereby exacerbating heart failure risk. Additional contributing factors include endothelial and microvascular dysfunction, autonomic dysregulation, nutritional deficiencies, shared genetic susceptibility, and adverse pharmacologic effects. IBD contributes to heart failure pathogenesis through multifactorial and interrelated mechanisms. Recognizing the role of the gut–heart axis in IBD is crucial for the early identification of cardiovascular risk, providing guidance for integrating care and developing targeted therapies to reduce the risk of heart failure in this vulnerable population.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/14/1124inflammatory bowel diseaseheart failureheart failure with preserved ejection fractionsystemic inflammationgut microbiomeintestinal barrier dysfunction |
| spellingShingle | Arveen Shokravi Yuchen Luo Simon W. Rabkin Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Explaining the Link Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Heart Failure Cells inflammatory bowel disease heart failure heart failure with preserved ejection fraction systemic inflammation gut microbiome intestinal barrier dysfunction |
| title | Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Explaining the Link Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Heart Failure |
| title_full | Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Explaining the Link Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Heart Failure |
| title_fullStr | Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Explaining the Link Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Heart Failure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Explaining the Link Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Heart Failure |
| title_short | Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Explaining the Link Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Heart Failure |
| title_sort | cellular and molecular mechanisms explaining the link between inflammatory bowel disease and heart failure |
| topic | inflammatory bowel disease heart failure heart failure with preserved ejection fraction systemic inflammation gut microbiome intestinal barrier dysfunction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/14/1124 |
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