Epidemiology of tick infestation in dogs: prevalence, risk factors and seasonal trends in pakistan
Dog ticks are the sever threat to both human and animal life due to their medical importance in transmission of tick borne diseases. The current study aimed to investigate tick infestation, associated risk factors, species diversity and seasonal abundance of ticks in selected regions of Pakistan. A...
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Kafkas University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi |
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| Online Access: | https://vetdergikafkas.org/pdf.php?id=3210 |
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| author | Syed Kashif ABBAS Mansoor HUSSAIN Shafi ULLAH Humaira SHAHEEN Khalid J. ALZAHRANI Abid ALI Haroon AHMED |
| author_facet | Syed Kashif ABBAS Mansoor HUSSAIN Shafi ULLAH Humaira SHAHEEN Khalid J. ALZAHRANI Abid ALI Haroon AHMED |
| author_sort | Syed Kashif ABBAS |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dog ticks are the sever threat to both human and animal life due to their medical
importance in transmission of tick borne diseases. The current study aimed to investigate
tick infestation, associated risk factors, species diversity and seasonal abundance of ticks
in selected regions of Pakistan. A total of 940 dogs (both free roaming and owned)
were examined during 2023-24 and 712 tick samples were collected. These ticks were
morphologically identified into three species comprising of Rhipicephalus sanguineus
(81.5%), Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides (10.2%) and Rhipicephalus turanicus (8.3%).
All demographic and epidemiological information were recorded and chi-square test
and logistic regression was performed. Overall prevalence of tick infestation in dogs
was 27% (254/940). Infestation rates varied by age groups with highest prevalence
observed in puppies <1 year (30.50%). Female dogs showed higher infestation rate
(30.60%) compared to male dogs (23.72%). Dogs with short hair had significantly higher
infestation rates (31.94%) than long-haired breeds (6.15%) and summer had the highest
tick infestation rate (32.42%). The tick prevalence was highest in Gujar Khan while least
prevalent in Taxila. Simpson"s Diversity Index (D) and Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index
(H") indicated a relatively low and moderate level tick diversity, which highlighted the
need for dedicated tick control measures, particularly in regions of high infestation of
tick in the dog population. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-78e11a794b6946d8a51159b930f22728 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1309-2251 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Kafkas University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi |
| spelling | doaj-art-78e11a794b6946d8a51159b930f227282025-08-20T03:06:01ZengKafkas University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineKafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi1309-22512025-08-0131447748610.9775/kvfd.2025.338493210Epidemiology of tick infestation in dogs: prevalence, risk factors and seasonal trends in pakistanSyed Kashif ABBAS0Mansoor HUSSAIN1Shafi ULLAHHumaira SHAHEEN2Khalid J. ALZAHRANI3Abid ALI4Haroon AHMED5Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chakh Shahzad, Islamabad PAKISTANDepartment of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chakh Shahzad, Islamabad PAKISTANDepartment of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chakh Shahzad, Islamabad PAKISTANDepartment of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, SAUDI ARABIADepartment of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, PAKISTANDepartment of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chakh Shahzad, Islamabad PAKISTANDog ticks are the sever threat to both human and animal life due to their medical importance in transmission of tick borne diseases. The current study aimed to investigate tick infestation, associated risk factors, species diversity and seasonal abundance of ticks in selected regions of Pakistan. A total of 940 dogs (both free roaming and owned) were examined during 2023-24 and 712 tick samples were collected. These ticks were morphologically identified into three species comprising of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (81.5%), Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides (10.2%) and Rhipicephalus turanicus (8.3%). All demographic and epidemiological information were recorded and chi-square test and logistic regression was performed. Overall prevalence of tick infestation in dogs was 27% (254/940). Infestation rates varied by age groups with highest prevalence observed in puppies <1 year (30.50%). Female dogs showed higher infestation rate (30.60%) compared to male dogs (23.72%). Dogs with short hair had significantly higher infestation rates (31.94%) than long-haired breeds (6.15%) and summer had the highest tick infestation rate (32.42%). The tick prevalence was highest in Gujar Khan while least prevalent in Taxila. Simpson"s Diversity Index (D) and Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H") indicated a relatively low and moderate level tick diversity, which highlighted the need for dedicated tick control measures, particularly in regions of high infestation of tick in the dog population.https://vetdergikafkas.org/pdf.php?id=3210tick infestationprevalencerisk factorsseasonal trendsrhipicephalus sanguineusdogspakistan |
| spellingShingle | Syed Kashif ABBAS Mansoor HUSSAIN Shafi ULLAH Humaira SHAHEEN Khalid J. ALZAHRANI Abid ALI Haroon AHMED Epidemiology of tick infestation in dogs: prevalence, risk factors and seasonal trends in pakistan Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi tick infestation prevalence risk factors seasonal trends rhipicephalus sanguineus dogs pakistan |
| title | Epidemiology of tick infestation in dogs: prevalence, risk factors and seasonal trends in pakistan |
| title_full | Epidemiology of tick infestation in dogs: prevalence, risk factors and seasonal trends in pakistan |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiology of tick infestation in dogs: prevalence, risk factors and seasonal trends in pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiology of tick infestation in dogs: prevalence, risk factors and seasonal trends in pakistan |
| title_short | Epidemiology of tick infestation in dogs: prevalence, risk factors and seasonal trends in pakistan |
| title_sort | epidemiology of tick infestation in dogs prevalence risk factors and seasonal trends in pakistan |
| topic | tick infestation prevalence risk factors seasonal trends rhipicephalus sanguineus dogs pakistan |
| url | https://vetdergikafkas.org/pdf.php?id=3210 |
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