Assessing Geometric and Radiometric Accuracy of DJI P4 MS Imagery Processed with Agisoft Metashape for Shrubland Mapping
The rise in inexpensive Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) and accessible processing software offers several advantages in forest ecosystem monitoring and management. The increase in usability of such tools can result in the simplification of workflows, potentially impacting the quality of the generated...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/24/4633 |
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| author | Tiago van der Worp da Silva Luísa Gomes Pereira Bruna R. F. Oliveira |
| author_facet | Tiago van der Worp da Silva Luísa Gomes Pereira Bruna R. F. Oliveira |
| author_sort | Tiago van der Worp da Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The rise in inexpensive Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) and accessible processing software offers several advantages in forest ecosystem monitoring and management. The increase in usability of such tools can result in the simplification of workflows, potentially impacting the quality of the generated data. This study offers insights into the precision and reliability of the DJI Phantom 4 Multispectral (P4MS) UAS for mapping shrublands using the Agisoft Metashape (AM) for image processing. Geometric accuracy was evaluated using ground control points (GCPs) and different configurations. The best configuration was then used to produce orthomosaics. Subsequently, the orthomosaics were transformed into reflectance orthomosaics using various radiometric correction methods. These methods were further assessed using reference panels. The method producing the most accurate reflectance values was then chosen to create the final reflectance and Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) maps. Radiometric accuracy was assessed through a multi-step process. Initially, precision was measured by comparing reflectance orthomosaics and NDVI derived from images taken on consecutive days. Finally, reliability was evaluated by comparing the NDVI with NDVI from a reference camera, the MicaSense Altum AL0, produced with images acquired on the same days. The results demonstrate that the P4MS is both precise and reliable for shrubland mapping. Reflectance maps and NDVI generated in AM exhibit acceptable geometric and radiometric accuracy when geometric calibration is performed with at least one GCP and radiometric calibration utilises images of reflectance panels captured at flight height, without relying on incident light sensor (ILS) data. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-78cc082901ff4730bbe2dff0098d2e88 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-78cc082901ff4730bbe2dff0098d2e882024-12-27T14:50:45ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922024-12-011624463310.3390/rs16244633Assessing Geometric and Radiometric Accuracy of DJI P4 MS Imagery Processed with Agisoft Metashape for Shrubland MappingTiago van der Worp da Silva0Luísa Gomes Pereira1Bruna R. F. Oliveira2Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago 7, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalÁgueda School of Technology and Management, Aveiro University, R. Cmte. Pinho e Freitas 28, 3750-127 Águeda, PortugalCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago 7, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalThe rise in inexpensive Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) and accessible processing software offers several advantages in forest ecosystem monitoring and management. The increase in usability of such tools can result in the simplification of workflows, potentially impacting the quality of the generated data. This study offers insights into the precision and reliability of the DJI Phantom 4 Multispectral (P4MS) UAS for mapping shrublands using the Agisoft Metashape (AM) for image processing. Geometric accuracy was evaluated using ground control points (GCPs) and different configurations. The best configuration was then used to produce orthomosaics. Subsequently, the orthomosaics were transformed into reflectance orthomosaics using various radiometric correction methods. These methods were further assessed using reference panels. The method producing the most accurate reflectance values was then chosen to create the final reflectance and Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) maps. Radiometric accuracy was assessed through a multi-step process. Initially, precision was measured by comparing reflectance orthomosaics and NDVI derived from images taken on consecutive days. Finally, reliability was evaluated by comparing the NDVI with NDVI from a reference camera, the MicaSense Altum AL0, produced with images acquired on the same days. The results demonstrate that the P4MS is both precise and reliable for shrubland mapping. Reflectance maps and NDVI generated in AM exhibit acceptable geometric and radiometric accuracy when geometric calibration is performed with at least one GCP and radiometric calibration utilises images of reflectance panels captured at flight height, without relying on incident light sensor (ILS) data.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/24/4633unmanned aerial systemsmultispectralradiometric calibrationremote sensingDJI Phantom 4 MultispectralAltum MicaSense |
| spellingShingle | Tiago van der Worp da Silva Luísa Gomes Pereira Bruna R. F. Oliveira Assessing Geometric and Radiometric Accuracy of DJI P4 MS Imagery Processed with Agisoft Metashape for Shrubland Mapping Remote Sensing unmanned aerial systems multispectral radiometric calibration remote sensing DJI Phantom 4 Multispectral Altum MicaSense |
| title | Assessing Geometric and Radiometric Accuracy of DJI P4 MS Imagery Processed with Agisoft Metashape for Shrubland Mapping |
| title_full | Assessing Geometric and Radiometric Accuracy of DJI P4 MS Imagery Processed with Agisoft Metashape for Shrubland Mapping |
| title_fullStr | Assessing Geometric and Radiometric Accuracy of DJI P4 MS Imagery Processed with Agisoft Metashape for Shrubland Mapping |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing Geometric and Radiometric Accuracy of DJI P4 MS Imagery Processed with Agisoft Metashape for Shrubland Mapping |
| title_short | Assessing Geometric and Radiometric Accuracy of DJI P4 MS Imagery Processed with Agisoft Metashape for Shrubland Mapping |
| title_sort | assessing geometric and radiometric accuracy of dji p4 ms imagery processed with agisoft metashape for shrubland mapping |
| topic | unmanned aerial systems multispectral radiometric calibration remote sensing DJI Phantom 4 Multispectral Altum MicaSense |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/24/4633 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tiagovanderworpdasilva assessinggeometricandradiometricaccuracyofdjip4msimageryprocessedwithagisoftmetashapeforshrublandmapping AT luisagomespereira assessinggeometricandradiometricaccuracyofdjip4msimageryprocessedwithagisoftmetashapeforshrublandmapping AT brunarfoliveira assessinggeometricandradiometricaccuracyofdjip4msimageryprocessedwithagisoftmetashapeforshrublandmapping |