Hematological and biochemical parameters in the blood of working Belgian Shepherd dogs: An age-related study

Background: Age-related changes in physiological parameters are crucial in understanding the health and performance of working dogs, particularly those in demanding roles such as military and law enforcement. However, limited research exists on how aging affects the hematological and biochemical he...

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Main Authors: Nejra Hadžimusić, Dženita Hadžijunuzović-Alagić
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Tripoli University 2024-11-01
Series:Open Veterinary Journal
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Online Access:https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=215402
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author Nejra Hadžimusić
Dženita Hadžijunuzović-Alagić
author_facet Nejra Hadžimusić
Dženita Hadžijunuzović-Alagić
author_sort Nejra Hadžimusić
collection DOAJ
description Background: Age-related changes in physiological parameters are crucial in understanding the health and performance of working dogs, particularly those in demanding roles such as military and law enforcement. However, limited research exists on how aging affects the hematological and biochemical health of these dogs. Aim: This study aims to characterize age-related variations in hematological and biochemical parameters in working Belgian Shepherd dogs to provide insights that could inform health management strategies for these animals. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 26 male Belgian Malinois working dogs, categorized into three age groups: adults (2-6 years), seniors (7-10 years), and geriatrics (11+ years). Comprehensive hematological and biochemical analyses were conducted. Analysis of complete blood count was performed for total 16 parameters: red blood cell, white blood cell, packed cell volume, hemoglobin, and platelet, neutrophil, basophil, leukocyte, monocyte, lymphocyte, and eosinophil counts. Mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, red cell distribution width, and mean platelet volume (MPV) were subsequently determined. The biochemistry parameters included glucose, creatinine, urea, blood urea nitrogen:creatinive ratio, phosphorus, calcium, sodium, potassium, Na:K ratio, chloride, total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin:globulin ratio, as well as alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transeferase, total cholesterol, amylase and lipase. Results: Significant age-related changes were observed in various parameters. Older dogs exhibited decreased creatinine and increased phosphorus and potassium levels, indicating potential changes in muscle mass, renal function, and electrolyte balance. Additionally, the albumin to globulin ratio decreased with age, reflecting shifts in protein synthesis and immune function. Conclusion: The study highlights important age-related variations in hematological and biochemical parameters in working Belgian Shepherd dogs. These findings emphasize the need for age-specific health management strategies to maintain the health, performance, and longevity of these dogs, thereby enhancing their effectiveness in critical service roles. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(11.000): 2893-2900]
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spelling doaj-art-78c33d1eb71044b5805d1d025e841ee22025-08-20T02:38:51ZengTripoli UniversityOpen Veterinary Journal2226-44852218-60502024-11-0114112893290010.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.18215402Hematological and biochemical parameters in the blood of working Belgian Shepherd dogs: An age-related studyNejra Hadžimusić0Dženita Hadžijunuzović-Alagić1University of sarajevo - Veterinary faculty, Zmaja od Bosne 90 University of Sarajevo - Veterinary faculty, Zmaja od Bosne 90, Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaBackground: Age-related changes in physiological parameters are crucial in understanding the health and performance of working dogs, particularly those in demanding roles such as military and law enforcement. However, limited research exists on how aging affects the hematological and biochemical health of these dogs. Aim: This study aims to characterize age-related variations in hematological and biochemical parameters in working Belgian Shepherd dogs to provide insights that could inform health management strategies for these animals. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 26 male Belgian Malinois working dogs, categorized into three age groups: adults (2-6 years), seniors (7-10 years), and geriatrics (11+ years). Comprehensive hematological and biochemical analyses were conducted. Analysis of complete blood count was performed for total 16 parameters: red blood cell, white blood cell, packed cell volume, hemoglobin, and platelet, neutrophil, basophil, leukocyte, monocyte, lymphocyte, and eosinophil counts. Mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, red cell distribution width, and mean platelet volume (MPV) were subsequently determined. The biochemistry parameters included glucose, creatinine, urea, blood urea nitrogen:creatinive ratio, phosphorus, calcium, sodium, potassium, Na:K ratio, chloride, total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin:globulin ratio, as well as alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transeferase, total cholesterol, amylase and lipase. Results: Significant age-related changes were observed in various parameters. Older dogs exhibited decreased creatinine and increased phosphorus and potassium levels, indicating potential changes in muscle mass, renal function, and electrolyte balance. Additionally, the albumin to globulin ratio decreased with age, reflecting shifts in protein synthesis and immune function. Conclusion: The study highlights important age-related variations in hematological and biochemical parameters in working Belgian Shepherd dogs. These findings emphasize the need for age-specific health management strategies to maintain the health, performance, and longevity of these dogs, thereby enhancing their effectiveness in critical service roles. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(11.000): 2893-2900]https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=215402age-related changeshematological parametersbiochemical markersbelgian shepherd dogsworking dogs
spellingShingle Nejra Hadžimusić
Dženita Hadžijunuzović-Alagić
Hematological and biochemical parameters in the blood of working Belgian Shepherd dogs: An age-related study
Open Veterinary Journal
age-related changes
hematological parameters
biochemical markers
belgian shepherd dogs
working dogs
title Hematological and biochemical parameters in the blood of working Belgian Shepherd dogs: An age-related study
title_full Hematological and biochemical parameters in the blood of working Belgian Shepherd dogs: An age-related study
title_fullStr Hematological and biochemical parameters in the blood of working Belgian Shepherd dogs: An age-related study
title_full_unstemmed Hematological and biochemical parameters in the blood of working Belgian Shepherd dogs: An age-related study
title_short Hematological and biochemical parameters in the blood of working Belgian Shepherd dogs: An age-related study
title_sort hematological and biochemical parameters in the blood of working belgian shepherd dogs an age related study
topic age-related changes
hematological parameters
biochemical markers
belgian shepherd dogs
working dogs
url https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=215402
work_keys_str_mv AT nejrahadzimusic hematologicalandbiochemicalparametersinthebloodofworkingbelgianshepherddogsanagerelatedstudy
AT dzenitahadzijunuzovicalagic hematologicalandbiochemicalparametersinthebloodofworkingbelgianshepherddogsanagerelatedstudy