Pathway-like Activation of 3D Neuronal Constructs with an Optical Interface
Three-dimensional neuronal organoids, spheroids, and tissue mimics are increasingly used to model cognitive processes in vitro. These 3D constructs are also used to model the effects of neurological and psychiatric disorders and to perform computational tasks. The brain’s complex network of neurons...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Biosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/3/179 |
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| author | Saeed Omidi Yevgeny Berdichevsky |
| author_facet | Saeed Omidi Yevgeny Berdichevsky |
| author_sort | Saeed Omidi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Three-dimensional neuronal organoids, spheroids, and tissue mimics are increasingly used to model cognitive processes in vitro. These 3D constructs are also used to model the effects of neurological and psychiatric disorders and to perform computational tasks. The brain’s complex network of neurons is activated via feedforward sensory pathways. Therefore, an interface to 3D constructs that models sensory pathway-like inputs is desirable. In this work, an optical interface for 3D neuronal constructs was developed. Dendrites and axons extended by cortical neurons within the 3D constructs were guided into microchannel-confined bundles. These neurite bundles were then optogenetically stimulated, and evoked responses were evaluated by calcium imaging. Optical stimulation was designed to deliver distinct input patterns to the network in the 3D construct, mimicking sensory pathway inputs to cortical areas in the intact brain. Responses of the network to the stimulation possessed features of neuronal population code, including separability by input pattern and mixed selectivity of individual neurons. This work represents the first demonstration of a pathway-like activation of networks in 3D constructs. Another innovation of this work is the development of an all-optical interface to 3D neuronal constructs, which does not require the use of expensive microelectrode arrays. This interface may enable the use of 3D neuronal constructs for investigations into cortical information processing. It may also enable studies into the effects of neurodegenerative or psychiatric disorders on cortical computation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-78abc6c67a5145918bdc8b0c1aa8a032 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-78abc6c67a5145918bdc8b0c1aa8a0322025-08-20T03:43:37ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742025-03-0115317910.3390/bios15030179Pathway-like Activation of 3D Neuronal Constructs with an Optical InterfaceSaeed Omidi0Yevgeny Berdichevsky1Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USADepartment of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USAThree-dimensional neuronal organoids, spheroids, and tissue mimics are increasingly used to model cognitive processes in vitro. These 3D constructs are also used to model the effects of neurological and psychiatric disorders and to perform computational tasks. The brain’s complex network of neurons is activated via feedforward sensory pathways. Therefore, an interface to 3D constructs that models sensory pathway-like inputs is desirable. In this work, an optical interface for 3D neuronal constructs was developed. Dendrites and axons extended by cortical neurons within the 3D constructs were guided into microchannel-confined bundles. These neurite bundles were then optogenetically stimulated, and evoked responses were evaluated by calcium imaging. Optical stimulation was designed to deliver distinct input patterns to the network in the 3D construct, mimicking sensory pathway inputs to cortical areas in the intact brain. Responses of the network to the stimulation possessed features of neuronal population code, including separability by input pattern and mixed selectivity of individual neurons. This work represents the first demonstration of a pathway-like activation of networks in 3D constructs. Another innovation of this work is the development of an all-optical interface to 3D neuronal constructs, which does not require the use of expensive microelectrode arrays. This interface may enable the use of 3D neuronal constructs for investigations into cortical information processing. It may also enable studies into the effects of neurodegenerative or psychiatric disorders on cortical computation.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/3/1793Daxonsbrain-on-a-chipmicrochannelneuronoptical stimulation |
| spellingShingle | Saeed Omidi Yevgeny Berdichevsky Pathway-like Activation of 3D Neuronal Constructs with an Optical Interface Biosensors 3D axons brain-on-a-chip microchannel neuron optical stimulation |
| title | Pathway-like Activation of 3D Neuronal Constructs with an Optical Interface |
| title_full | Pathway-like Activation of 3D Neuronal Constructs with an Optical Interface |
| title_fullStr | Pathway-like Activation of 3D Neuronal Constructs with an Optical Interface |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pathway-like Activation of 3D Neuronal Constructs with an Optical Interface |
| title_short | Pathway-like Activation of 3D Neuronal Constructs with an Optical Interface |
| title_sort | pathway like activation of 3d neuronal constructs with an optical interface |
| topic | 3D axons brain-on-a-chip microchannel neuron optical stimulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/3/179 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT saeedomidi pathwaylikeactivationof3dneuronalconstructswithanopticalinterface AT yevgenyberdichevsky pathwaylikeactivationof3dneuronalconstructswithanopticalinterface |