Adaptation and exogenous attention interact in the early visual cortex: A TMS study

Summary: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to early visual cortex modulates the effect of adaptation and eliminates the effect of exogenous (involuntary) attention on contrast sensitivity. Here, we investigated whether adaptation modulates exogenous attention under TMS to V1/V2. Observers perf...

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Main Authors: Hsing-Hao Lee, Antonio Fernández, Marisa Carrasco
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-11-01
Series:iScience
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004224023800
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author Hsing-Hao Lee
Antonio Fernández
Marisa Carrasco
author_facet Hsing-Hao Lee
Antonio Fernández
Marisa Carrasco
author_sort Hsing-Hao Lee
collection DOAJ
description Summary: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to early visual cortex modulates the effect of adaptation and eliminates the effect of exogenous (involuntary) attention on contrast sensitivity. Here, we investigated whether adaptation modulates exogenous attention under TMS to V1/V2. Observers performed an orientation discrimination task while attending to one of two stimuli, with or without adaptation. Following an attentional cue, two stimuli were presented in the stimulated region and its contralateral symmetric region. A response cue indicated the stimulus whose orientation observers had to discriminate. Without adaptation, in the distractor-stimulated condition, contrast sensitivity increased at the attended location and decreased at the unattended location via response gain—but these effects were eliminated in the target-stimulated condition. Critically, after adaptation, exogenous attention altered performance similarly in both distractor-stimulated and target-stimulated conditions. These results reveal that (1) adaptation and attention interact in the early visual cortex, and (2) adaptation shields exogenous attention from TMS effects.
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spelling doaj-art-789fbb7e46db4353bf2a9f9da3f4c3482025-08-20T02:10:53ZengElsevieriScience2589-00422024-11-01271111115510.1016/j.isci.2024.111155Adaptation and exogenous attention interact in the early visual cortex: A TMS studyHsing-Hao Lee0Antonio Fernández1Marisa Carrasco2Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA; Corresponding authorDepartment of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USADepartment of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA; Center for Neural Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA; Corresponding authorSummary: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to early visual cortex modulates the effect of adaptation and eliminates the effect of exogenous (involuntary) attention on contrast sensitivity. Here, we investigated whether adaptation modulates exogenous attention under TMS to V1/V2. Observers performed an orientation discrimination task while attending to one of two stimuli, with or without adaptation. Following an attentional cue, two stimuli were presented in the stimulated region and its contralateral symmetric region. A response cue indicated the stimulus whose orientation observers had to discriminate. Without adaptation, in the distractor-stimulated condition, contrast sensitivity increased at the attended location and decreased at the unattended location via response gain—but these effects were eliminated in the target-stimulated condition. Critically, after adaptation, exogenous attention altered performance similarly in both distractor-stimulated and target-stimulated conditions. These results reveal that (1) adaptation and attention interact in the early visual cortex, and (2) adaptation shields exogenous attention from TMS effects.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004224023800Biological sciencesNeuroscienceCognitive neuroscience
spellingShingle Hsing-Hao Lee
Antonio Fernández
Marisa Carrasco
Adaptation and exogenous attention interact in the early visual cortex: A TMS study
iScience
Biological sciences
Neuroscience
Cognitive neuroscience
title Adaptation and exogenous attention interact in the early visual cortex: A TMS study
title_full Adaptation and exogenous attention interact in the early visual cortex: A TMS study
title_fullStr Adaptation and exogenous attention interact in the early visual cortex: A TMS study
title_full_unstemmed Adaptation and exogenous attention interact in the early visual cortex: A TMS study
title_short Adaptation and exogenous attention interact in the early visual cortex: A TMS study
title_sort adaptation and exogenous attention interact in the early visual cortex a tms study
topic Biological sciences
Neuroscience
Cognitive neuroscience
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004224023800
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