Tumor secretome shapes the immune landscape during cancer progression

Abstract The focus of cancer immunotherapy has traditionally been on immune cells and tumor cells themselves, often overlooking the tumor secretome. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the intricate relationship between tumor cells and the immune response in cancer progression. It highl...

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Main Authors: Jianqiang Yang, Sijia Tang, Nabil F. Saba, Chloe Shay, Yong Teng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-025-03302-0
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author Jianqiang Yang
Sijia Tang
Nabil F. Saba
Chloe Shay
Yong Teng
author_facet Jianqiang Yang
Sijia Tang
Nabil F. Saba
Chloe Shay
Yong Teng
author_sort Jianqiang Yang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The focus of cancer immunotherapy has traditionally been on immune cells and tumor cells themselves, often overlooking the tumor secretome. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the intricate relationship between tumor cells and the immune response in cancer progression. It highlights the pivotal role of the tumor secretome - a diverse set of molecules secreted by tumor cells - in significantly influencing immune modulation, promoting immunosuppression, and facilitating tumor survival. In addition to elucidating these complex interactions, this review discusses current clinical trials targeting the tumor secretome and highlights their potential to advance personalized medicine strategies. These trials aim to overcome the challenges of the tumor microenvironment by designing therapies tailored to the secretome profiles of individual cancer patients. In addition, advances in proteomic techniques are highlighted as essential tools for unraveling the complexity of the tumor secretome, paving the way for improved cancer treatment outcomes.
format Article
id doaj-art-789d7bac7eaf4bc487c4b03544a63032
institution DOAJ
issn 1756-9966
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research
spelling doaj-art-789d7bac7eaf4bc487c4b03544a630322025-08-20T02:43:15ZengBMCJournal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research1756-99662025-02-0144111410.1186/s13046-025-03302-0Tumor secretome shapes the immune landscape during cancer progressionJianqiang Yang0Sijia Tang1Nabil F. Saba2Chloe Shay3Yong Teng4Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory UniversityDepartment of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory UniversityDepartment of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory UniversityWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityDepartment of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory UniversityAbstract The focus of cancer immunotherapy has traditionally been on immune cells and tumor cells themselves, often overlooking the tumor secretome. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the intricate relationship between tumor cells and the immune response in cancer progression. It highlights the pivotal role of the tumor secretome - a diverse set of molecules secreted by tumor cells - in significantly influencing immune modulation, promoting immunosuppression, and facilitating tumor survival. In addition to elucidating these complex interactions, this review discusses current clinical trials targeting the tumor secretome and highlights their potential to advance personalized medicine strategies. These trials aim to overcome the challenges of the tumor microenvironment by designing therapies tailored to the secretome profiles of individual cancer patients. In addition, advances in proteomic techniques are highlighted as essential tools for unraveling the complexity of the tumor secretome, paving the way for improved cancer treatment outcomes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-025-03302-0Tumor secretomeTumor microenvironmentTumor-immune cell interplayImmunotherapyBiomarkers
spellingShingle Jianqiang Yang
Sijia Tang
Nabil F. Saba
Chloe Shay
Yong Teng
Tumor secretome shapes the immune landscape during cancer progression
Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research
Tumor secretome
Tumor microenvironment
Tumor-immune cell interplay
Immunotherapy
Biomarkers
title Tumor secretome shapes the immune landscape during cancer progression
title_full Tumor secretome shapes the immune landscape during cancer progression
title_fullStr Tumor secretome shapes the immune landscape during cancer progression
title_full_unstemmed Tumor secretome shapes the immune landscape during cancer progression
title_short Tumor secretome shapes the immune landscape during cancer progression
title_sort tumor secretome shapes the immune landscape during cancer progression
topic Tumor secretome
Tumor microenvironment
Tumor-immune cell interplay
Immunotherapy
Biomarkers
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-025-03302-0
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AT sijiatang tumorsecretomeshapestheimmunelandscapeduringcancerprogression
AT nabilfsaba tumorsecretomeshapestheimmunelandscapeduringcancerprogression
AT chloeshay tumorsecretomeshapestheimmunelandscapeduringcancerprogression
AT yongteng tumorsecretomeshapestheimmunelandscapeduringcancerprogression