The Effect of Glucocorticoid and Glucocorticoid Receptor Interactions on Brain, Spinal Cord, and Glial Cell Plasticity
Stress, injury, and disease trigger glucocorticoid (GC) elevation. Elevated GCs bind to the ubiquitously expressed glucocorticoid receptor (GR). While GRs are in every cell in the nervous system, the expression level varies, suggesting that diverse cell types react differently to GR activation. Stre...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2017-01-01
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| Series: | Neural Plasticity |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8640970 |
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| author | Kathryn M. Madalena Jessica K. Lerch |
| author_facet | Kathryn M. Madalena Jessica K. Lerch |
| author_sort | Kathryn M. Madalena |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Stress, injury, and disease trigger glucocorticoid (GC) elevation. Elevated GCs bind to the ubiquitously expressed glucocorticoid receptor (GR). While GRs are in every cell in the nervous system, the expression level varies, suggesting that diverse cell types react differently to GR activation. Stress/GCs induce structural plasticity in neurons, Schwann cells, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes as well as affect neurotransmission by changing the release and reuptake of glutamate. While general nervous system plasticity is essential for adaptation and learning and memory, stress-induced plasticity is often maladaptive and contributes to neuropsychiatric disorders and neuropathic pain. In this brief review, we describe the evidence that stress/GCs activate GR to promote cell type-specific changes in cellular plasticity throughout the nervous system. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-789ac3d9f10e47ac9ec738b9a1e83f2e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-5904 1687-5443 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Neural Plasticity |
| spelling | doaj-art-789ac3d9f10e47ac9ec738b9a1e83f2e2025-02-03T06:10:57ZengWileyNeural Plasticity2090-59041687-54432017-01-01201710.1155/2017/86409708640970The Effect of Glucocorticoid and Glucocorticoid Receptor Interactions on Brain, Spinal Cord, and Glial Cell PlasticityKathryn M. Madalena0Jessica K. Lerch1Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USADepartment of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USAStress, injury, and disease trigger glucocorticoid (GC) elevation. Elevated GCs bind to the ubiquitously expressed glucocorticoid receptor (GR). While GRs are in every cell in the nervous system, the expression level varies, suggesting that diverse cell types react differently to GR activation. Stress/GCs induce structural plasticity in neurons, Schwann cells, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes as well as affect neurotransmission by changing the release and reuptake of glutamate. While general nervous system plasticity is essential for adaptation and learning and memory, stress-induced plasticity is often maladaptive and contributes to neuropsychiatric disorders and neuropathic pain. In this brief review, we describe the evidence that stress/GCs activate GR to promote cell type-specific changes in cellular plasticity throughout the nervous system.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8640970 |
| spellingShingle | Kathryn M. Madalena Jessica K. Lerch The Effect of Glucocorticoid and Glucocorticoid Receptor Interactions on Brain, Spinal Cord, and Glial Cell Plasticity Neural Plasticity |
| title | The Effect of Glucocorticoid and Glucocorticoid Receptor Interactions on Brain, Spinal Cord, and Glial Cell Plasticity |
| title_full | The Effect of Glucocorticoid and Glucocorticoid Receptor Interactions on Brain, Spinal Cord, and Glial Cell Plasticity |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Glucocorticoid and Glucocorticoid Receptor Interactions on Brain, Spinal Cord, and Glial Cell Plasticity |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Glucocorticoid and Glucocorticoid Receptor Interactions on Brain, Spinal Cord, and Glial Cell Plasticity |
| title_short | The Effect of Glucocorticoid and Glucocorticoid Receptor Interactions on Brain, Spinal Cord, and Glial Cell Plasticity |
| title_sort | effect of glucocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor interactions on brain spinal cord and glial cell plasticity |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8640970 |
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