Fibrin Monomer and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Reactivation During Pregnancy: A Retrospective Study

Background: Pregnancies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have always been considered high-risk. D-dimer is known for its role in excluding the diagnosis of thrombosis and has been associated with lupus reactivation; however, its physiological elevation during pregnancy limits its...

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Main Authors: Tran Thi Kieu My, Hoang Thi Ha, Nguyen Huu Truong, Dao Thi Thiet, Nguyen Khanh Ha, Tran Dang Xoay, Linus Olson, Bach Quoc Khanh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Diseases
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/13/7/210
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author Tran Thi Kieu My
Hoang Thi Ha
Nguyen Huu Truong
Dao Thi Thiet
Nguyen Khanh Ha
Tran Dang Xoay
Linus Olson
Bach Quoc Khanh
author_facet Tran Thi Kieu My
Hoang Thi Ha
Nguyen Huu Truong
Dao Thi Thiet
Nguyen Khanh Ha
Tran Dang Xoay
Linus Olson
Bach Quoc Khanh
author_sort Tran Thi Kieu My
collection DOAJ
description Background: Pregnancies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have always been considered high-risk. D-dimer is known for its role in excluding the diagnosis of thrombosis and has been associated with lupus reactivation; however, its physiological elevation during pregnancy limits its utility in this population. Fibrin monomer (FM) has been shown in multiple studies to remain stable in pregnant women. The objectives of this study were to evaluate D-dimer and FM levels, as well as to assess the role of FM in SLE activity during pregnancy. Methods: The subjects included 76 pregnant women with SLE diagnosed according to the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) 2012 criteria. The assessment of disease activity was in accordance with the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Pregnancy Disease Activity Index (SLEPDAI)<b>.</b> Results: The log<sub>10</sub>-transformed D-dimer (LtDD) and FM (LtFM) concentrations in the pregnant women with lupus were 1.229 (0.722–1.953) and 4.17 (3.01–5.34) µg/mL, respectively. A multivariate regression indicated that 59.1% of the variation in LtDD was influenced by the gestational age and SLEPDAI, while only 18.3% of the fluctuation in LtFM was affected by these factors. The concentration of LtFM was an independent factor in predicting SLE flare and disease activity level according to the SLEPDAI in pregnant women. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study’s findings suggest that elevated levels of both D-dimer and FM were observed in pregnant patients with SLE. However, only FM levels can be used as a prognostic factor in assessing the risk of SLE reactivation during pregnancy.
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spelling doaj-art-788db7dd05514cbf8ed8d7e677f214c22025-08-20T03:35:37ZengMDPI AGDiseases2079-97212025-07-0113721010.3390/diseases13070210Fibrin Monomer and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Reactivation During Pregnancy: A Retrospective StudyTran Thi Kieu My0Hoang Thi Ha1Nguyen Huu Truong2Dao Thi Thiet3Nguyen Khanh Ha4Tran Dang Xoay5Linus Olson6Bach Quoc Khanh7Division of Hematology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, VietnamHa Nam Provincial General Hospital, Ha Nam 400000, VietnamBach Mai Hospital, Hanoi 100000, VietnamNational Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Hanoi 100000, VietnamNational Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Hanoi 100000, VietnamVietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi 100000, VietnamDepartment of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, SwedenNational Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Hanoi 100000, VietnamBackground: Pregnancies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have always been considered high-risk. D-dimer is known for its role in excluding the diagnosis of thrombosis and has been associated with lupus reactivation; however, its physiological elevation during pregnancy limits its utility in this population. Fibrin monomer (FM) has been shown in multiple studies to remain stable in pregnant women. The objectives of this study were to evaluate D-dimer and FM levels, as well as to assess the role of FM in SLE activity during pregnancy. Methods: The subjects included 76 pregnant women with SLE diagnosed according to the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) 2012 criteria. The assessment of disease activity was in accordance with the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Pregnancy Disease Activity Index (SLEPDAI)<b>.</b> Results: The log<sub>10</sub>-transformed D-dimer (LtDD) and FM (LtFM) concentrations in the pregnant women with lupus were 1.229 (0.722–1.953) and 4.17 (3.01–5.34) µg/mL, respectively. A multivariate regression indicated that 59.1% of the variation in LtDD was influenced by the gestational age and SLEPDAI, while only 18.3% of the fluctuation in LtFM was affected by these factors. The concentration of LtFM was an independent factor in predicting SLE flare and disease activity level according to the SLEPDAI in pregnant women. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study’s findings suggest that elevated levels of both D-dimer and FM were observed in pregnant patients with SLE. However, only FM levels can be used as a prognostic factor in assessing the risk of SLE reactivation during pregnancy.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/13/7/210fibrin monomersystemic lupus erythematosuspregnancy
spellingShingle Tran Thi Kieu My
Hoang Thi Ha
Nguyen Huu Truong
Dao Thi Thiet
Nguyen Khanh Ha
Tran Dang Xoay
Linus Olson
Bach Quoc Khanh
Fibrin Monomer and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Reactivation During Pregnancy: A Retrospective Study
Diseases
fibrin monomer
systemic lupus erythematosus
pregnancy
title Fibrin Monomer and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Reactivation During Pregnancy: A Retrospective Study
title_full Fibrin Monomer and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Reactivation During Pregnancy: A Retrospective Study
title_fullStr Fibrin Monomer and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Reactivation During Pregnancy: A Retrospective Study
title_full_unstemmed Fibrin Monomer and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Reactivation During Pregnancy: A Retrospective Study
title_short Fibrin Monomer and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Reactivation During Pregnancy: A Retrospective Study
title_sort fibrin monomer and systemic lupus erythematosus reactivation during pregnancy a retrospective study
topic fibrin monomer
systemic lupus erythematosus
pregnancy
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/13/7/210
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