The Swimming Performance and Transcriptomic Insights Into Diverse Gene Regulation in Grass Carp Brain Under Water Velocity Stress
Abstract By linking gene regulation to swimming performance under different water flow conditions, the study could reveal how the fish adapt to their environments, providing insights into evolutionary biology and ecology. The current study observed significant variations in swimming performance unde...
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| Format: | Article |
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Wiley
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Water Resources Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2024WR037990 |
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| author | Mian Adnan Kakakhel Nishita Narwal Alam Khan Majid Rasta Liming Liu Ihsan Ali Yujiao Wu Shi Xiaotao |
| author_facet | Mian Adnan Kakakhel Nishita Narwal Alam Khan Majid Rasta Liming Liu Ihsan Ali Yujiao Wu Shi Xiaotao |
| author_sort | Mian Adnan Kakakhel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract By linking gene regulation to swimming performance under different water flow conditions, the study could reveal how the fish adapt to their environments, providing insights into evolutionary biology and ecology. The current study observed significant variations in swimming performance under various water flow velocities and examined the associated gene regulation. Grass carp were subjected to controlled water velocities to measure the critical swimming speed (Ucrit), which showed that the swimming performance was increased based on body length; however, a reduction in swimming performance was observed as the water flow increased (p < 0.05). Additionally, brain samples were collected for transcriptomic analysis, which revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were functionally annotated revealing key pathways associated with changed behavior patterns. The Enrichment analysis showed significant variation in all groups including behavior (p < 0.05***), skeletal system development (p < 0.05***), hormone activity (p < 0.05***), muscle contraction (p < 0.05**), locomotion (p < 0.05*), and swim bladder development (p < 0.05*) were found the major regulators of behavior in grass carp under water velocities. Moreover, some genes were identified and found significantly different for enzymes and hormones, which could play a potential role during swimming performance such as gene‐ca7 (p < 0.005***). The current study provides evidence of the neurogenetic mechanism underlying the changed swimming activity of grass carp under water velocity, which could have important implications for understanding the impact of hydrodynamics and the fish. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-788d58aae9874d85a717ffbf3bd5c1e6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0043-1397 1944-7973 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water Resources Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-788d58aae9874d85a717ffbf3bd5c1e62025-08-20T03:30:57ZengWileyWater Resources Research0043-13971944-79732025-03-01613n/an/a10.1029/2024WR037990The Swimming Performance and Transcriptomic Insights Into Diverse Gene Regulation in Grass Carp Brain Under Water Velocity StressMian Adnan Kakakhel0Nishita Narwal1Alam Khan2Majid Rasta3Liming Liu4Ihsan Ali5Yujiao Wu6Shi Xiaotao7Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage China Three Gorges University Yichang ChinaUniversity School of Environment Management Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University New Delhi IndiaSustainable Bioenergy and Biorefinery Laboratory Department of Microbiology Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad PakistanHubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage China Three Gorges University Yichang ChinaCollege of Materials and Chemical Engineering China Three Gorges University Yichang ChinaCollege of Life Science Northwest University Xi'an ChinaCollege of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering China Three Gorges University Yichang ChinaHubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage China Three Gorges University Yichang ChinaAbstract By linking gene regulation to swimming performance under different water flow conditions, the study could reveal how the fish adapt to their environments, providing insights into evolutionary biology and ecology. The current study observed significant variations in swimming performance under various water flow velocities and examined the associated gene regulation. Grass carp were subjected to controlled water velocities to measure the critical swimming speed (Ucrit), which showed that the swimming performance was increased based on body length; however, a reduction in swimming performance was observed as the water flow increased (p < 0.05). Additionally, brain samples were collected for transcriptomic analysis, which revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were functionally annotated revealing key pathways associated with changed behavior patterns. The Enrichment analysis showed significant variation in all groups including behavior (p < 0.05***), skeletal system development (p < 0.05***), hormone activity (p < 0.05***), muscle contraction (p < 0.05**), locomotion (p < 0.05*), and swim bladder development (p < 0.05*) were found the major regulators of behavior in grass carp under water velocities. Moreover, some genes were identified and found significantly different for enzymes and hormones, which could play a potential role during swimming performance such as gene‐ca7 (p < 0.005***). The current study provides evidence of the neurogenetic mechanism underlying the changed swimming activity of grass carp under water velocity, which could have important implications for understanding the impact of hydrodynamics and the fish.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024WR037990grass carpswimming behaviorgene expressioncalcium signaling pathwaypathways |
| spellingShingle | Mian Adnan Kakakhel Nishita Narwal Alam Khan Majid Rasta Liming Liu Ihsan Ali Yujiao Wu Shi Xiaotao The Swimming Performance and Transcriptomic Insights Into Diverse Gene Regulation in Grass Carp Brain Under Water Velocity Stress Water Resources Research grass carp swimming behavior gene expression calcium signaling pathway pathways |
| title | The Swimming Performance and Transcriptomic Insights Into Diverse Gene Regulation in Grass Carp Brain Under Water Velocity Stress |
| title_full | The Swimming Performance and Transcriptomic Insights Into Diverse Gene Regulation in Grass Carp Brain Under Water Velocity Stress |
| title_fullStr | The Swimming Performance and Transcriptomic Insights Into Diverse Gene Regulation in Grass Carp Brain Under Water Velocity Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Swimming Performance and Transcriptomic Insights Into Diverse Gene Regulation in Grass Carp Brain Under Water Velocity Stress |
| title_short | The Swimming Performance and Transcriptomic Insights Into Diverse Gene Regulation in Grass Carp Brain Under Water Velocity Stress |
| title_sort | swimming performance and transcriptomic insights into diverse gene regulation in grass carp brain under water velocity stress |
| topic | grass carp swimming behavior gene expression calcium signaling pathway pathways |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2024WR037990 |
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