Computer Vision-Based Multiple-Width Measurements for Agricultural Produce

The most common size measurements for agricultural produce, including fruits and vegetables, are length and width. While the length of any agricultural produce can be unique, the width varies continuously along its length. Single-width measurements alone are insufficient for accurately characterizin...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Cannayen Igathinathane, Rangaraju Visvanathan, Ganesh Bora, Shafiqur Rahman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:AgriEngineering
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2624-7402/7/7/204
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850067526654885888
author Cannayen Igathinathane
Rangaraju Visvanathan
Ganesh Bora
Shafiqur Rahman
author_facet Cannayen Igathinathane
Rangaraju Visvanathan
Ganesh Bora
Shafiqur Rahman
author_sort Cannayen Igathinathane
collection DOAJ
description The most common size measurements for agricultural produce, including fruits and vegetables, are length and width. While the length of any agricultural produce can be unique, the width varies continuously along its length. Single-width measurements alone are insufficient for accurately characterizing varying width profiles, resulting in an inaccurate representation of the shape or mean dimension. Consequently, the manual measurement of multiple mean dimensions is laborious or impractical, and no information in this domain is available. Therefore, an efficient alternative computer vision measurement tool was developed utilizing ImageJ (Ver. 1.54p). Twenty sample sets, comprising fruits and vegetables, with each representing different shapes, were selected and measured for length and multiple widths. A statistically significant minimum number of multiple widths was determined for practical measurements based on an object’s shape. The “aspect ratio” (width/length) was identified to serve as an effective indicator of the minimum multiple width measurements. In general, 50 multiple width measurements are recommended; however, even 15 measurements would be satisfactory (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>1.0%</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.6%</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> deviation from 50 widths). The developed plugin was fast (734 ms ± 365 ms CPU time/image), accurate (>99.6%), and cost-effective, and it incorporated several user-friendly and helpful features. This study’s outcomes have practical applications in the characterization, quality control, grading and sorting, and pricing determination of agricultural produce.
format Article
id doaj-art-785e2cadb2fa4b2e9313acb887d7dca0
institution DOAJ
issn 2624-7402
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series AgriEngineering
spelling doaj-art-785e2cadb2fa4b2e9313acb887d7dca02025-08-20T02:48:17ZengMDPI AGAgriEngineering2624-74022025-07-017720410.3390/agriengineering7070204Computer Vision-Based Multiple-Width Measurements for Agricultural ProduceCannayen Igathinathane0Rangaraju Visvanathan1Ganesh Bora2Shafiqur Rahman3Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USAA.D. Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Thiruchirappalli 620009, IndiaResearch and Technology Innovation, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, NC 28301, USAAgricultural Research and Development Program, Central State University, Wilberforce, OH 45384, USAThe most common size measurements for agricultural produce, including fruits and vegetables, are length and width. While the length of any agricultural produce can be unique, the width varies continuously along its length. Single-width measurements alone are insufficient for accurately characterizing varying width profiles, resulting in an inaccurate representation of the shape or mean dimension. Consequently, the manual measurement of multiple mean dimensions is laborious or impractical, and no information in this domain is available. Therefore, an efficient alternative computer vision measurement tool was developed utilizing ImageJ (Ver. 1.54p). Twenty sample sets, comprising fruits and vegetables, with each representing different shapes, were selected and measured for length and multiple widths. A statistically significant minimum number of multiple widths was determined for practical measurements based on an object’s shape. The “aspect ratio” (width/length) was identified to serve as an effective indicator of the minimum multiple width measurements. In general, 50 multiple width measurements are recommended; however, even 15 measurements would be satisfactory (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>1.0%</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.6%</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> deviation from 50 widths). The developed plugin was fast (734 ms ± 365 ms CPU time/image), accurate (>99.6%), and cost-effective, and it incorporated several user-friendly and helpful features. This study’s outcomes have practical applications in the characterization, quality control, grading and sorting, and pricing determination of agricultural produce.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-7402/7/7/204fruits and vegetablesgrading and sortinghorticultural cropsImageJimage processingphysical properties
spellingShingle Cannayen Igathinathane
Rangaraju Visvanathan
Ganesh Bora
Shafiqur Rahman
Computer Vision-Based Multiple-Width Measurements for Agricultural Produce
AgriEngineering
fruits and vegetables
grading and sorting
horticultural crops
ImageJ
image processing
physical properties
title Computer Vision-Based Multiple-Width Measurements for Agricultural Produce
title_full Computer Vision-Based Multiple-Width Measurements for Agricultural Produce
title_fullStr Computer Vision-Based Multiple-Width Measurements for Agricultural Produce
title_full_unstemmed Computer Vision-Based Multiple-Width Measurements for Agricultural Produce
title_short Computer Vision-Based Multiple-Width Measurements for Agricultural Produce
title_sort computer vision based multiple width measurements for agricultural produce
topic fruits and vegetables
grading and sorting
horticultural crops
ImageJ
image processing
physical properties
url https://www.mdpi.com/2624-7402/7/7/204
work_keys_str_mv AT cannayenigathinathane computervisionbasedmultiplewidthmeasurementsforagriculturalproduce
AT rangarajuvisvanathan computervisionbasedmultiplewidthmeasurementsforagriculturalproduce
AT ganeshbora computervisionbasedmultiplewidthmeasurementsforagriculturalproduce
AT shafiqurrahman computervisionbasedmultiplewidthmeasurementsforagriculturalproduce