The PAZ pocket and dimerization drive CpAgo’s guide-independent and DNA-guided dual catalysis

Abstract Argonaute proteins (Agos) play essential roles in nucleic acid targeting across life domains. While eukaryotic Agos (eAgos) utilize small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs) for RNA interference, the mechanisms driving prokaryotic Agos (pAgos) in bacterial defense remain underex...

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Main Authors: Yuchan Liu, Jiasu Zhang, Ji Liu, Shengchun Zhang, Linfeng An, Wenbing Xie, Kaiming Zhang, Shanshan Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61926-4
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author Yuchan Liu
Jiasu Zhang
Ji Liu
Shengchun Zhang
Linfeng An
Wenbing Xie
Kaiming Zhang
Shanshan Li
author_facet Yuchan Liu
Jiasu Zhang
Ji Liu
Shengchun Zhang
Linfeng An
Wenbing Xie
Kaiming Zhang
Shanshan Li
author_sort Yuchan Liu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Argonaute proteins (Agos) play essential roles in nucleic acid targeting across life domains. While eukaryotic Agos (eAgos) utilize small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs) for RNA interference, the mechanisms driving prokaryotic Agos (pAgos) in bacterial defense remain underexplored. Here, we characterize the mesophilic pAgo from Clostridium perfringens (CpAgo), which exhibits robust guide-independent and DNA-guided activity at 37 °C. CpAgo efficiently degrades plasmids and structured RNAs into small fragments, generating DNA fragments that serve as guides for subsequent cleavage. Cryo-electron microscopy reveals a positively-charged PAZ nucleotide-binding pocket, critical for both guide-dependent and guide-independent substrate recognition and cleavage. Structural analysis identifies CpAgo’s dimerization as a prerequisite for catalytic activity, supporting both nucleic acid degradation and targeted action. Functional assays in Escherichia coli demonstrate CpAgo’s role in bacterial defense by mediating plasmid degradation and DNA-guided cleavage. These findings position CpAgo as a critical component of prokaryotic immunity and a promising tool for biotechnology.
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spelling doaj-art-7858d8a0605e4334bb01a6378e30c1f72025-08-20T03:05:05ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116111310.1038/s41467-025-61926-4The PAZ pocket and dimerization drive CpAgo’s guide-independent and DNA-guided dual catalysisYuchan Liu0Jiasu Zhang1Ji Liu2Shengchun Zhang3Linfeng An4Wenbing Xie5Kaiming Zhang6Shanshan Li7Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, The RNA Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaDepartment of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, The RNA Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaDepartment of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, The RNA Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaDepartment of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, The RNA Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaDepartment of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, The RNA Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaDepartment of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, The RNA Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaDepartment of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, The RNA Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaDepartment of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, The RNA Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaAbstract Argonaute proteins (Agos) play essential roles in nucleic acid targeting across life domains. While eukaryotic Agos (eAgos) utilize small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs) for RNA interference, the mechanisms driving prokaryotic Agos (pAgos) in bacterial defense remain underexplored. Here, we characterize the mesophilic pAgo from Clostridium perfringens (CpAgo), which exhibits robust guide-independent and DNA-guided activity at 37 °C. CpAgo efficiently degrades plasmids and structured RNAs into small fragments, generating DNA fragments that serve as guides for subsequent cleavage. Cryo-electron microscopy reveals a positively-charged PAZ nucleotide-binding pocket, critical for both guide-dependent and guide-independent substrate recognition and cleavage. Structural analysis identifies CpAgo’s dimerization as a prerequisite for catalytic activity, supporting both nucleic acid degradation and targeted action. Functional assays in Escherichia coli demonstrate CpAgo’s role in bacterial defense by mediating plasmid degradation and DNA-guided cleavage. These findings position CpAgo as a critical component of prokaryotic immunity and a promising tool for biotechnology.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61926-4
spellingShingle Yuchan Liu
Jiasu Zhang
Ji Liu
Shengchun Zhang
Linfeng An
Wenbing Xie
Kaiming Zhang
Shanshan Li
The PAZ pocket and dimerization drive CpAgo’s guide-independent and DNA-guided dual catalysis
Nature Communications
title The PAZ pocket and dimerization drive CpAgo’s guide-independent and DNA-guided dual catalysis
title_full The PAZ pocket and dimerization drive CpAgo’s guide-independent and DNA-guided dual catalysis
title_fullStr The PAZ pocket and dimerization drive CpAgo’s guide-independent and DNA-guided dual catalysis
title_full_unstemmed The PAZ pocket and dimerization drive CpAgo’s guide-independent and DNA-guided dual catalysis
title_short The PAZ pocket and dimerization drive CpAgo’s guide-independent and DNA-guided dual catalysis
title_sort paz pocket and dimerization drive cpago s guide independent and dna guided dual catalysis
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61926-4
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