Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced thyroiditis and its potential mechanisms
The expanding clinical utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in oncology has brought increasing attention to thyroid dysfunction as a prominent immune-related adverse event (irAE). Elucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ICI-induced thyroiditis represents a critical ste...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1584675/full |
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| author | Xueqian Mao Chaoming Mao Jiameng Liu Xi Wang Yufei Mao |
| author_facet | Xueqian Mao Chaoming Mao Jiameng Liu Xi Wang Yufei Mao |
| author_sort | Xueqian Mao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The expanding clinical utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in oncology has brought increasing attention to thyroid dysfunction as a prominent immune-related adverse event (irAE). Elucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ICI-induced thyroiditis represents a critical step toward developing evidence-based diagnostic protocols and targeted therapeutic interventions for cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy. This comprehensive review systematically examines current advances in understanding the etiopathogenesis of ICI-induced thyroiditis. First, we described pharmacological characterization of ICIs, then discussed multifactorial analysis of cellular and molecular contributors to thyroid autoimmunity following ICI administration and finally analyzed critical evaluation of emerging hypotheses regarding primary pathogenic drivers. Through this review, we aim to establish mechanistic connections between ICI pharmacodynamics and thyroid tissue immunopathology. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-784380c36d8e4ef188e3921b6cc578dc |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj-art-784380c36d8e4ef188e3921b6cc578dc2025-08-20T02:32:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922025-06-011610.3389/fendo.2025.15846751584675Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced thyroiditis and its potential mechanismsXueqian Mao0Chaoming Mao1Jiameng Liu2Xi Wang3Yufei Mao4Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, ChinaDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, ChinaDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, ChinaDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, ChinaDepartment of Ultrasound Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, ChinaThe expanding clinical utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in oncology has brought increasing attention to thyroid dysfunction as a prominent immune-related adverse event (irAE). Elucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ICI-induced thyroiditis represents a critical step toward developing evidence-based diagnostic protocols and targeted therapeutic interventions for cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy. This comprehensive review systematically examines current advances in understanding the etiopathogenesis of ICI-induced thyroiditis. First, we described pharmacological characterization of ICIs, then discussed multifactorial analysis of cellular and molecular contributors to thyroid autoimmunity following ICI administration and finally analyzed critical evaluation of emerging hypotheses regarding primary pathogenic drivers. Through this review, we aim to establish mechanistic connections between ICI pharmacodynamics and thyroid tissue immunopathology.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1584675/fullimmune-related adverse eventsimmune checkpoint inhibitorsimmune checkpoint inhibitor-induced thyroiditisthyrotoxicosishypothyroidism |
| spellingShingle | Xueqian Mao Chaoming Mao Jiameng Liu Xi Wang Yufei Mao Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced thyroiditis and its potential mechanisms Frontiers in Endocrinology immune-related adverse events immune checkpoint inhibitors immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced thyroiditis thyrotoxicosis hypothyroidism |
| title | Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced thyroiditis and its potential mechanisms |
| title_full | Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced thyroiditis and its potential mechanisms |
| title_fullStr | Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced thyroiditis and its potential mechanisms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced thyroiditis and its potential mechanisms |
| title_short | Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced thyroiditis and its potential mechanisms |
| title_sort | immune checkpoint inhibitor induced thyroiditis and its potential mechanisms |
| topic | immune-related adverse events immune checkpoint inhibitors immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced thyroiditis thyrotoxicosis hypothyroidism |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1584675/full |
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